Биодизел

M-Bus метри и устройства (електромери, водомери, топломери и др. през етернет)

2011-06-15T06:37:00.002+03:00

Този списък съдържа M-Bus (EN 13757-2, EN 13757-3) метра тествани с HWG-PWR.

HWG-PWR е Ethernet M-Bus шлюз, който превръща стойностите от външен M-Bus метър достъпна за локална LAN мрежа (WEB - диаграми , SNMP, електронна поща, MS Excel).

Електромери

ED 310.DB HWG

ED 310.DB HWG е трифазен, статични, двутарифни електромери за преки измервания до 63A, с M-Bus и интерфейси S0 - 3x230V/400V (5), 63A

Производител : ZPA
Мощност : 3x230V/400V (5), 63A
Измерване : Direct, не повече от 63A
M-Bus интерфейс : Да
S0 интерфейс : Да

ED 310.I.DB

ED 310.DB HWG е трифазен, статични, двутарифни електромери за непряко измервания, с M-Bus и S0 интерфейс - 3x230V/400V, x/5A

Производител : ZPA
Мощност : 3x230V/400V, x/5A
Измерване : Непряко
M-Bus интерфейс : Да
S0 интерфейс : Да

DHZ 5/63-M-BUS

Монофазни електронни електромери за директно измерване до 63A

Производител : NZR
Мощност : 1x230V / 63A
Измерване : Директно
M-Bus интерфейс : Да

DHZ 5 / 65 M-BUS

Трифазни електронни електромер за директно измерване до 65А

Производител : NZR
Мощност : 3x230V/400V, 65А
Измерване : Директно
M-Bus интерфейс : Да

DHZ x/5A М-бус

Трифазни електронни електромера за непряко измерване

Производител : NZR
Мощност : 3x230V/400V, 5 (65)
Измерване : Непряко
M-Bus интерфейс : Да

DBM23000

Трифазни електронни електромера за непряко измерване

Производител : ABB
Мощност : 3x230V/400V, 5 (80)
Измерване : Непряко
M-Bus интерфейс : Да

ABB DELTAmax (DHM13007 )

DELTAmax е семейството на еднофазни и трифазни електронни електромери за директно и косвено измерване.
Благодарение на път М-бус дейтаграми са проектирани, всяка М-бус продукт от АББ може лесно да се поддържа.

Производител : ABB
Семейство : DELTAmax (проверени: DHM13007)
Измерване : Пряко или косвено
M-Bus интерфейс : Само трифазни електромери от АББ за пряко или непряко измерване са оборудвани с M-Bus интерфейс. За еднофазни измервания, монофазен електромер (Один един и т.н.) и външно-автобус адаптер М се използват.

MGEIZ363, MGEIZ315

Монофазни и трифазни електромери от EIZ - SCHRACK. Тествано с MGEIZ163-C модел.

Производител : EIZ - SCHRACK
Мощност : 1x230V, 63 A / 3x230V/400V, 63 А
Измерване : Директно
M-Bus интерфейс : Да

Топломери

Sensonic II

Sensonic ® е електронен топломер. Компактният sensonic ® II устройството и sensonic ® II поток потоци сензор подкрепа на 0.6/1.5/2.5 m3 / h.

Производител : ISTA
Мерки : Heat
Потоци : 0.6/1.5/2.5 м3 / ч
M-Bus интерфейс : Да

sensonic ® II калкулатор

Конвертор за да се свържете ISTA топломери да-BUS M

Производител : ISTA
Мерки : Heat
M-Bus интерфейс : Да
Ограничение : работеща с батерия устройство, позволява само 64 прочитания върху M-Bus на ден.

Други (S0/M-bus конвертори и т.н.)

М-брой 2C

Двуканален S0 конвертор импулсен изход към автобусната M. Броят на преброените импулси са защитени от прекъсване на тока. Функционалност е подкрепена от вътрешния сменяема батерия.

Производител : Гюнтер Schell GmbH
Вход: 2 пъти импулс вход за S0
Изход: M-Bus интерфейс
Мощност : 230V + вътрешен CR2032 батерия

ОА-4108

Оптични на "М-бус конвертор за електромери ABB.

Производител : ABB
Вход: оптичен порт на брояча ODIN електроенергия
Изход: M-Bus интерфейс
Мощност : От M-Bus

Ключови думи

M-Bus електромер, M-Bus електромер, M-Bus метра газ, M-Bus метър, M-Bus топломер, M-Bus метра, M-Bus EN 13757-2, M-Bus EN 13757-3, M -автобус Ethernet, M-Bus SNMP, уеб, Mbus м графика, Mbus м диаграма

Подобни и изделия от тях

HWG-PWR - M-Bus към LAN портал
HWG-PDMS - Безплатен софтуер за Windows (MS Excel отчитане)

Измерване и контрол на рН при производството на биогаз

2011-06-14T06:34:00.002+03:00

pH е мярка за киселинността/алкалността на разтворите. Стойността на pH влияе на растежа на микроорганизмите и на разграждането на субстрата. Синтеза на метан се извършва от повечето метаногенни бактерии в сравнително тесен pH интервал, от 5.5 до 8.5, с оптимум 7-8, докато ацидогенните бактерии са с значително по-ниски стойности на pH оптимум (2.5-5.0).

Оптималният pH интервал за мезофилната ферментация е между 6.5 и 8.0 и процеса силно се затруднява, ако стойността на pH падне под 6.0 или надхвърли 8.3.

Разтворимостта на въглеродния диоксид във вода намалява с нарастване на температурата. Поради това, стойността на pH на термофилните биореактори е по-висока от мезофилните, тъй като разтвореният въглероден диоксид образува въглена киселина при реакция с водата.

Стойността на pH може да се повиши от амоняка, отделен по време на биодеградацията на протеините (NH3+H+®NH4+) или чрез подаване на амонячна вода, заедно с целия захранващ поток. Обратно, акумулирането на летливи мастни киселини (ЛМК) намалява стойността на pH.

Стойността на pH в анаеробния биореактор се контролира основно чрез бикарбонатната буферна система. Следователно, стойността на pH в биореакторите за биогаз зависи от парциалното налягане на CO2 и концентрацията на основни и киселинни компоненти в течната фаза. Ако започне натрупване на вещества с основни или киселинни свойства, буферният капацитет на средата противодейства на промяната на pH до определено ниво. Когато капацитета на буферната системата бъде надхвърлен, възниква драстична промяна в стойността на pH и инхибиране на образуването на биогаз.

pH-Мметри (лабораторни, портативни, джобни, тестери, комбинирани) »
Каталожен №:
рН метри: настолни, портативни, "джобни", тестери, монитори, комбинирани

Цена: 0,00 Поискай цена

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Уред за измерване на киселинност (рН) и температура, PCE-PH 22 »
Каталожен №: PCE-PH22
Уред за едновременно директно измерване киселинността (рН) и температурата на водни разтвори

Цена: 179,00 EUR без ДДС

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рН-метър за течности, PCE 228 »
Каталожен №: PCE-228
Уред за измерване на водородния показател (pH) на течности - измерител за киселинността или алкалността на даден воден разтвор. Измерените данни могат да се прехвърлят на компютъра чрез RS-232 интерфейс (доставят се отделно). Температурната компенсация се извършва ръчно или автоматично с помощта на датчик за температурата (включен в даставката)

Цена: 273,00 EUR без ДДС

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рН метър за течности, PCE 228 Комплект »
Каталожен №: PCE-228Kit
Комплект за измерване на киселинност/алкалност (pH) на течности. Измерените данни могат да се прехвърлят на компютъра чрез RS-232 интерфейс (доставят се отделно). Температурната компенсация се извършва ръчно или автоматично с помощта на датчик за температурата (включен в доставката). Доставя се в комплект са калибрационни разтвори и куфарче за носене.

Цена: 315,00 EUR без ДДС

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рН-метър за твърди и полутвърди хранителни продукти, PCE-228M »
Каталожен №: PCE 228M
рН-метър за измерване на рН и температура (pH / °C) на твърди и полутвърди хранителни продукти, като месо, колбаси, сирене, др.

Цена: 358,00 EUR без ДДС

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рН-метър за почва, PCE-PH20S »
Каталожен №: PCE PH20S
рН-метър с външен електрод за директно измерване рН на почва (киселинност на почвата, вкисляване на почвите)

Цена: 203,00 EUR без ДДС

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рН метър за козметични цели, HI 98110 th »
Каталожен №: HI 98110 th
рН-метър с приложение в козметиката – измерва рН на кожата и косата

Цена: 307,00 EUR без ДДС

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Дата логер за измерване и записване на ускорение

2011-05-03T16:26:00.002+03:00

Мини логер за ускорение »
Каталожен №: PCE-MSR145
Мини регистратор на данни (datalogger) за измерване, записване и съхраняване за продължителни периоди от време на ускорение. Обикновено тези инструменти измерват заедно с ускорението и параметрите на околната среда, такива като температура и относителна влажност. Дейталогарът има вътрешна памет за записване на измерените стойности в размер на 2 000 000 показания.

Цена: 0,00 Виж цените на отделните модели

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Термометри за измерване температурата с термодвойки тип K, J, S, T

2011-05-03T06:50:00.001+03:00

Едноканален термометър за термодвойки K, J, S, С0311 »
Каталожен №: C0311
Термометър за измерване на температура с термодвойки тип J, K или S. Обхват от -200 до 1700°C в зависимост от вида на термодвойката/сондата. Инструментът се доставя със сертификат за калибриране и куфарче.

Цена: 197,00 EUR без ДДС

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Двуканален термометър за термодвойки K, J, S, С0321 »
Каталожен №: C0321
Термометър за измерване на температура с две термодвойки тип J, K или S. Обхват от -200 до 1700°C в зависимост от вида на термодвойката/сондата. Инструментът се доставя със сертификат за калибриране и куфарче.

Цена: 207,00 EUR без ДДС

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Едноканален преносим термометър за термодвойки тип K, J и Т, TK 100E »
Каталожен №: TK100E
Едноканален преносим термометър за термодвойки тип K, J и Т (от -200 до 1300°C), черен ABS корпус. Доставя се в куфарче и калибрационен сертификат.

Цена: 212,00 EUR без ДДС

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Двуканален преносим термометър за термодвойки тип K, J и Т, TK 102E »
Каталожен №: TK102E
Двуканален преносим термометър за термодвойки тип K, J и Т (от -200 до 1300°C), черен ABS корпус. Доставя се в куфарче и калибрационен сертификат.

Цена: 221,00 EUR без ДДС

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Мини титратор за определяне на серен диоксид и киселинност във вино

2011-04-29T22:08:00.000+03:00

АВТОМАТИЧНИ ТИТРАТОРИ

Мини титратор за определяне на свободен и общ серен диоксид във вино, Mi455. »
Каталожен №: Mi455
Мини титратор за определяне на свободен и общ серен диоксид във вино. Обхват: 0 … 400 ppm SO2. Точност: 5%. Резолюция: 1 ppm. Принцип: еквивалентен пункт, ОРП титруване. Обем на пробата: 50 mL. ОРП електрод: MA924B/1 (включен). Помпа: 0.5 mL/min. Скорост на разбъркване: 1500 rpm. Доставя се с: калибрационен стандарт за SO2, разтвор-титрант за SO2, алкален реагент за свободен SO2, стабилизатор за SO2, ОРП електрод MA924B/1, ядра за разбъркване, 2 x 50 mL чаши, 2 x 25 mL чаши, 230 mL електролитен разтвор 3,5 m KCL за ОПР електроди, комплект епруветки, o-ринг, 1 mL спринцовка, захранващ кабел и инструкция за работа.

Цена: 599,00 EUR без ДДС

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Мини титратор за определяне на общата киселинност на вино, Mi456. »
Каталожен №: Mi456
Мини титратор за определяне на титруемите общи киселини във виното. Обхват: 0 … 25.0 g/L като винена киселина. Точност: 5%. Резолюция: 0.1 g/L. Метод: титраметричен киселинно-алкален метод. Принцип: еквивалентен пункт. pH калибриране: 1 точка при pH 7.00 или 8.20. Обем на пробата: 2 mL. Температурна компенсация: автоматична от 0.0 до 100.0°C. Дебит на помпата: 0.5 mL/min. Скорост на разбъркване: 1500 rpm. Доставя се с: калибрационен стандарт за винена киселина, разтвор титрант, калибрационен разтвор за pH 7.0, калибрационен разтвор за pH 8.2, pH електрод MA919B/1, температурна сонда MA831R, ядра за разбъркване, 2 x 50 mL чаши, 2 x 25 mL чаши, 230 mL електролитен разтвор 3,5M KCL за pH електроди, комплект епруветки, o-ринг, 1 mL спринцовка, захранващ кабел и инструкция за работа.

Цена: 599,00 EUR без ДДС

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Фотометър за определяне на перокисно число на масла и мазнини, Mi490

2011-03-10T05:53:00.001+02:00

BioEviBul ООД

Фотометър за определяне на перокисно число в течни масла. Използва адаптиран метод, съгласно изискванията на Регламент (ЕИО) № 2568/91. Обхват: 0,0 ... 25,0 meq O2/kg. Точност: ±0,5 meq O2/kg. Резолюция: 0,5 meq O2/kg. Доставя се заедно с комплект реагенти за 20 анализа, 4 x 1 mL спринцовки, тънка мека кърпичка за избърсване на епруветки, 4 x 1.5V батерии и ръководство за работа.

Цена: 659,00 EUR без ДДС

Mi490 е преносим фотометър, чрез който може да се извършва бърз мониторинг на перокисно число направо в условията на производството на растителни масла. Инструментът извършва директни измервания с обхват от 0,0 до 25,0 meq O2/kg (милиеквиваленти активен кислород на килограм).

Както е известно при окислението на мазнините се образуват перокиси, хидроперокиси, алдехиди, кетони и др., Всичко това води да влошаване на органолептичните качества на мазнината. Процесите на окисление се катализират от светлината, топлината и наличието на метали

Перокисното число е показател за наличието на перокиси, получени вследствие на първични окислителни процеси в мазнините. Това е показател за гранясването т.е. за развалата на мазнините поради окисляване.

Определянето на перокисното число е един от най-широко използваните тестове за степента на гранясването в началните етапи на липидното окисление. Високите стойности на перокисното число са категоричен знак за гранясали мазнини.

Гранични стойности на перокисите в маслата и мазнините:
<> 20 meq O2/kg Гранясало олио

Измерването на перокисното число с Mi490 е много лесно и бързо: приготвяте пробата от течно масло, добавяте реагентите, поставяте епруветката в уреда и получаване резултата.

Цената включва:
Фотометър Mi490, комплект реагенти за 20 анализа, 4 бр. по1 mL спринцовки, кърпичка за избърсване на епруветките, 4 бр. 1.5V AA батерии и ръководство за работа.

Повече подробности:
Биоевибул ООД
Тел./факс: 02-9559539
Моб.: 0888-625915
e-mail: office@bioevibul.com
web: http://www.bioevibul.com/products.aspx?vidid=44&id=1081

LGS31, Безжичен логер за свързване на датчици за фуги и пукнатини

2011-01-21T12:01:00.001+02:00

BioEviBul OOD

Логер за превръщане на потенциометричните датчици за измерване на фуги и пукнатини в безжично устройство за измерване, записване и предаване на данни. Логерът е снабден с външна ½ антена и вход за потенциометрични датчици. Комуникацията с компютър става чрез радиосигнал RF ISM (868MHz). При липса на комуникация с компютъра, логерът записва и съхранява измерените данни на своята вътрешна памет. Съхранените данни се прехвърлят автоматично на компютъра при следващото свързване с компютъра. Безжичният обхват на предаване на данни е до 800 метра.

Цена: 300.00 EUR без ДДС

Термограф за хладилни камиони

2010-12-17T12:24:00.001+02:00

BioEviBul ООД

Температурен логер (термограф) с вграден принтер за измерване, записване и разпечатване на температура от една или две външни температурни сонди.

Обхват от -30°C до +80°C.

Специално пригоден за хладилни автомобили и контейнери.

Монтира се в кабината на шофьора.

Отговаря на БДС EN 12830:2001 "Температурни записващи устройства за транспорт, съхранение и разпределяне на охладени, замразени, дълбокозамразени / бързозамразени храни и сладолед. (TÜV сертификат EN 12830, Class 1 и EN 13486, Class 1).

Цена: 604,00 EUR без ДДС

IP Мониторинг

2010-12-16T02:55:00.001+02:00

BioEviBul OOD

Устройства, системи, сензори, датчици и други за дистанционно наблюдение на контрол на сървъри, центрове за данни, комуникационни шкафове.

Мониторинг на температура, относителна влажност, движение, течове на вода (наводнение), течове на газ, дим, достъп и пр.

Средства за измерване и контрол на условията за отглеждане на кокошки носачки

2010-11-14T11:57:00.001+02:00

Средства за измерване на параметри за контрол, съгласно НАРЕДБА № 25 от 14.12.2005 г. за минималните изисквания за хуманно отношение при отглеждане на кокошки носачки (издадена от министъра на земеделието и горите, обн., ДВ, бр. 42 от 23.05.2006 г., в сила от 1.05.2006 г., изм. и доп., бр. 29 от 6.04.2007 г., изм., бр. 61 от 8.07.2008 г., в сила от 8.07.2008).

Температура на въздуха от 15 ˚С до 25 ˚С и относителна влажност на въздуха от 60 до 70 %
Термометър-хигрометър с вграден сензор за температура и влажност, C3120

Цена: 216,00 EUR без ДДС

Когато има осигурена изкуствена вентилация, тя поддържа скорост на движение на въздуха 0,2 -0,3 м/сек и гарантира оптимално ниво на запрашеност и концентрация на вредни газове, определени с технологичната програма;
Термо-анемометър с гореща струна Ø 8 mm

Цена: 505,00 EUR без ДДС

Ниво на шум не повече от 80 децибела, като се избягва постоянният или внезапният шум
Цифров шумомер от 30 до 130 db, DB100

Цена: 592,00 EUR без ДДС

При изкуствено осветлението интензивност през деня 3,5 - 4,0 W/m2.
Логер за измерване на осветеност, PCE-SPM1

Цена: 293,00 EUR без ДДС

Портативен микроманометър с вграден сензор за налягането (0 … ±1000 mmH2O) »

2010-09-30T06:56:00.001+03:00

BioEvilBul -

Този микроманометър е предназначен да измерва положително, отрицателно и диференциално налягане в границите от от 0 … ±1000 mmH2O. Освен това той притежава функции за избор на мерни единици, за калибриране, HOLD функция, за минимална и максимална стойност, регулируемо автоматично изключване и настройка на осветеността.

Цената включва:
1 микроманометър, 2 броя силиконови тръби (черна и бяла), 1 бр. неръждаема стоманена тръба, сертификат за калибриране и транспортен калъф.
Цената на 1 микроманометър без сертификат за калибриране е 195,00 EUR без ДДС (MP 101S)

Производител: KIMO Франция

Влагомери за хартия

2010-07-14T05:58:00.001+03:00

BioEvilBul

Влагомер за хартия »
Каталожен №: Р2
Влагомер за измерване на абсолютна влажност на сулфатна хартия, амбалажна хартия, хартиени торби, картон и др. Обхват 4 … 13%.

Цена: 780,00 EUR без ДДС

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Влагомер за цветна хартия »
Каталожен №: Р4
Влагомер за измерване на абсолютна влажност на цветна хартия с високо съдържание на пълнители. Обхват 4 … 9%.

Цена: 819,00 EUR без ДДС

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Влагомер за относителна влага и температура на хартия »
Каталожен №: RH5
Влагомер за измерване и записване на относителната влажност и температура на хартия. Обхват: влажност 0 … 100%; температура -10 … +60оС.

Цена: 650,00 EUR без ДДС

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Влагомер за хартиени отпадъци »
Каталожен №: PCE-W3
Ръчен влагомер за измерване абсолютната влажност от 0 до 30 % на отпадъчна хартия посредством метални сонди.

Цена: 318,50 EUR без ДДС

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Инфрачервени безконтактни термометри

2010-06-12T16:55:00.000+03:00

BioEvilBul

НАССР инфрачервен термометър (- 40 до + 280°C) »
Каталожен №: PCE-IR100
Комбиниран безконтактен и контактен (иглен) термометър за измерване на температурата на хранителни продукти в границите от - 40 до + 280°C. Специално разработен за HACCP мониторинг.
Цена: 145,00 EUR без ДДС
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Инфрачервен термометър (-20 до 270°C) »
Каталожен №: PCE-880
Инфрачервен термометър за безконтактно измерване на повърхностна температура и лазерн лъч за насочване. Обхват от -20 до 270°C
Цена: 107,00 EUR без ДДС
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Инфрачервен термометър (-50 … +550°C) »
Каталожен №: PCE-888
Инфрачервен термометър за безконтактно измерване на температура от -50 до 550°C. Техническо средство за измерване при обследване за енергийна ефективност и сертифициране на сгради.
Цена: 127,00 EUR без ДДС
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Инфрачервен термометър (-50 ... 1000°С) »
Каталожен №: PCE-889
Инфрачервен професионален термометър за безконтактно измерване на температура, с регулируем излъчвател, оптична резолюция 50:1 и обхват на измерване от -50оС до 1000°С
Цена: 187,00 EUR без ДДС
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Инфрачервен термометър (-32°C … 530°C) »
Каталожен №: MS-Plus
Инфрачервен термометър с прецизен оптичен компонент и възможност за регулиране на излъчването (в зависимост от повърхността на материала). Обхват от -32 до 530°C
Цена: 213,00 EUR без ДДС
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Инфрачервен термометър (- 60 … + 1000°C) »
Каталожен №: PCE-IR425
Инфрачервен термометър с точна оптика, лазерна показалка и кратко време за реакция. Обхват на измерване от - 60 до + 1000°C.
Цена: 278,00 EUR без ДДС
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Инфрачервен термометър с принтер (-40 до 500°С) »
Каталожен №: PCE-JR 911
Безконтактен инфрачервен температурен логер с принтер (термограф) за измерване на температура в хладилни автомобили и контейнери в границите от -40 до 500°С.
Цена: 344,00 EUR без ДДС
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Инфрачервен термометър (-32°C … 760°C) »
Каталожен №: MS-Pro
Интелигентен преносим безконтактен инфрачервен термометър с контактна термо-сонда К и софтуер за прякото предаване на измерваните стойности. Обхват от -32°C … 760°C.
Цена: 374,00 EUR без ДДС
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Инфрачервен термометър (- 35°C до 900°C) »
Каталожен №: LS-Plus
Безконтактен термометър с компонент на интелигентна оптична прецизност и оптична резолюция от 75:1. Обхват от -32 до 900°C
Цена: 824,00 EUR без ДДС
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Инфрачервен термометър (0 ... 1300 °С) »
Каталожен №: PCE-IR1300
Инфрачервен термометър (пирометър) за безконтактно измерване на повърхностна температура в границите от 0 до +1300°C
Цена: 1 740,00 EUR без ДДС
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Инфрачервен термометър (385 ... 1600 °С) »
Каталожен №: PCE-IR1600
Инфрачервен термометър (пирометър) за безконтактно измерване на повърхностна температура в границите от 385 до +1600°C
Цена: 2 325,00 EUR без ДДС
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Инфрачервен термометър (650 ... 1800 °С) »
Каталожен №: PCE-IR1800
Инфрачервен термометър (пирометър) за безконтактно измерва не на повърхностна температура в границите от 650 до +1800°C
Цена: 2 325,00 EUR без ДДС
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Регламент (ЕО) № 37/2005 относно мониторинга на температурата в транспортните средства и съоръженията за складиране и съхраняване на бързозамразени хр

2010-06-01T13:49:00.000+03:00

BioEvilBul -

Регламентът е приет и издаден във връзка с Директива 92/1/ЕИО на Съвета от 13 януари 1992 г. относно мониторинга на температурите в транспортните средства и съоръженията за складиране и съхраняване на бързозамразени храни, предназначени за консумация от човека, предвижда изисквания, за да се осигури пълното поддържане на температурите, изисквани от Директива 89/108/ЕИО.

Регламентът се отнася до мониторинга на температурите в транспортните средства и съоръженията за складиране и съхраняване на бързозамразени храни и изисква те да се оборудват с подходящи записващи устройства за чест и редовен мониторинг на температурата на въздуха, на която са подложени бързозамразените храни.

Регламентът е в сила от 1 януари 2006 г., но измервателните устройства, монтирани преди 31 декември 2005 г., които са били в съответствие с тогавашното действащото законодателство, могат да бъдат използвани най-късно до 31 декември 2009 г. След тази дата всички термометри трябва да отговарят на този Регламент и на следните стандарти:
БДС EN 12830:2001 Температурни записващи устройства за транспорт, съхранение и разпределяне на охладени, замразени, дълбокозамразени/ бързозамразени храни и сладолед. Изпитване, характеристики, пригодност
БДС EN 13485:2003 Термометри за измерване температурата на въздуха и на продуктите при транспорт, съхранение и разпределяне на охладени, замразени, дълбокозамразени/ бързозамразени храни и сладолед. Изпитвания, характеристики, пригодност
БДС EN 13486:2003 Температурни записващи устройства и термометри за транспорт, съхранение и разпределяне на охладени, замразени, дълбокозамразени/ бързозамразени храни и сладолед. Периодична проверка.
Температурата на въздуха по време на съхраняване на храните във витрини в обекти за продажби на дребно и по време на локална дистрибуция се трябва да се измерва само с един термометър, поставен на видно място.

Когато в търговските обекти за търговия на дребно се използват хладилни витрини:
ясно трябва да бъде отбелязана линията на максималното натоварване на хладилната витрина, и
термометърът трябва да показва температурата откъм страната на връщане на въздуха на нивото на тази линия.

От ТУК можеш да изтеглеш Регламента.

Термометри, които отговарят на горните разпоредби можеш да намериш ТУК!

Понятия по енергийна ефективност

2010-04-26T06:53:00.000+03:00

BioEvilBul

§ ”Вентилация” е процес на въздухообмен в сграда за осигуряване на пресен въздух за обитателите.
§ ”Обща отопляема площ на сграда” е сума от площите на всички отопляеми пространства в сградата, в това число общата площ на помещенията и пространствата за общо ползване, в случаите когато не се отопляват, но граничат с отопляеми помещения в сградата. Площите се определят по външни размери.
§ „Експлоатационна характеристика” е количественото изражение (стойност, степен, клас или ниво) на поведението на продукт, елемент, комплект или система при въздействие върху тях или въздействие, което те генерират в реални условия на експлоатация на сградата.
§ „Нетна енергия” e количеството потребна енергия, която трябва да се внесе в отопляемия обем чрез отоплителна система или да се изнесе от охлаждания обем чрез охладителна система, за да се осигури нормативната температура на въздуха при отсъствие на вътрешни товари.
§ „Общ отопляем обем на сграда” е сума от обемите на отопляемите пространства в сградата, в това число обемите на помещенията и пространствата за общо ползване, в случаите когато не се отопляват, но граничат с отопляеми такива. Обемите се определят по външни размери.
§ „Охлаждан обем” е сума от обемите на пространствата, от които се изнася топлина за поддържане на определена температура.
§ „Охлаждане” е процес на изнасяне на топлина от сграда или част от сграда за поддържане на определена температура.
§ „Потребна енергия” е количеството енергия доставено до сградата, за покриване на предвиденото потребление (отопление, охлаждане, вентилация, гореща вода за битови нужди, осветление, уреди и т.н.).
§ „Първична енергия” е количеството енергия, която не е била обект на процес на превръщане и/или преобразуване.
§ „Референтни стойности” са стойностите на показателите на ограждащите конструкции и елементи, елементите и агрегатите на системите за осигуряване на микроклимата в сградите, които се регламентират в националното законодателство за проектиране, изпълнение и поддържане на строежите.

Източник: НАРЕДБА № РД-16-1058 ОТ 10 ДЕКЕМВРИ 2009 Г. ЗА ПОКАЗАТЕЛИТЕ ЗА РАЗХОД НА ЕНЕРГИЯ И ЕНЕРГИЙНИТЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ НА СГРАДИТЕ. Издадена от Министерството на икономиката, енергетиката и туризма и Министерството на регионалното развитие и благоустройството Обн. ДВ. бр.103 от 29 Декември 2009г.

Списание Хранителна Индустрия и Търговия - Активност на водата

2010-04-02T07:19:00.000+03:00

Списание Хранителна Индустрия и Търговия - Активност на водата

Апарати за измерване потенциала на водата в почвата

2010-03-11T06:49:00.001+02:00

WP4 » - измерва потенциала на водата за по-малко от 5 минути в границите от 0 до -300 MPa с резолюция от 0,1 MPa.WP4-T » - измерва потенциала на водата за по-малко от 5 минути от 0 до -300 MPa с резолюция от 0,1 MPa. WP4 , той е снабден с устройство за контролиране на температурата на измерване.AquaSorp » - Генератор на зависимостта между влага и потенциал на водата в почвата MPS-1 » - Сензор / Сонда за измерване на водния потенциал на почвите
Теория - видео материали »

За повече подробности:
Биоевибул ООД
Тел.: 02-9559539
Моб.: 0888-625915
Е-mail: office@bioevibul.com
Интернет: www.bioevibul.com/products.aspx?vidid=40
http://www.bioevibul.com/products.aspx?vidid=40

Температурни датчици за вътрешна употреба

2010-03-07T10:39:00.001+02:00

Температурни датчици за вътрешна употреба тип Ni 891, Ni 1000, Ni 2226, Ni 10000, NTC 20kΩ, Pt 100, Pt 500, Pt 1000. Тези съпротивителни датчици са предназначени за измерване на температура на газообразни вещества във влагозащитени помещения.

За повече подробности:
Биоевибул ООД
Тел.: 02-9559539
Моб.: 0888-625915
E-mail: office@bioevibul.com
Web: http://www.bioevibul.com/products.aspx?vidid=71&id=625

Едноканален термометър за локални мрежи без дисплей и една външна сонда

2010-02-28T22:10:00.001+02:00

Т8511 е интелигентен трансмитер без дисплей. Той е предназначен за онлайн измерване на температурата в границите от -50 до +80°C от една външна сонда.

Измерената температура се отчита посредством Ethernet интерфейс на компютър. В случай на превишаване на алармените граници, може да се изпрати предупредително съобщение.

Режими на комуникация: Modbus TCP; Telnet; WWW страници; SNMP; SOAP.

Режим на алармени съобщения: Е-мейл; SNMP; WWW страници; Syslog:

За повече подробности:
Биоевибул ООД
Тел.: 02-9559539; 0888-625915
e-mail: office@bioevibul.com
http://www.bioevibul.com/products.aspx?vidid=63&id=630

Безвъзмездна финансова помощ "Технологична модернизация в малки и средни предприятията"

2010-02-16T06:32:00.000+02:00

BioEvilBul - Консултации и партньорство

ПРЕДСТОИ публикуването на официална обява за прием на проект през І тримесечие 2010 за малките и средните предприятия по Процедура за предоставяне на безвъзмездна финансова помощ "Технологична модернизация в малки и средни предприятията" от Оперативна програма "Развитие на конкурентноспособността на българската икономика"

Краен срок за кандидатстване: три месеца след обявяването на процедурата
Планиран бюджен: 100 000 000 евро
Дял на финансовата помощ и финансиране, в зависимост от категорията на предприятието:
- микро предприятия – 70% от общите допустими разходи по проекта, от 50 хил. лв. до 2 млн. лв.
- малки предприятия – 70% от общите допустими разходи по проекта, от 50 хил. лв. до 2 млн. лв.
- средни предприятия – 60% от общите допустими разходи по проекта, от 100 хил. лв. до 2 млн. лв.;
Основна цел на процедурата е да допринесе за повишаване на конкурентоспособността на българските малки, средни и големи предприятия чрез насърчаване на инвестициите в съвременни технологии и оборудване и предоставяне на достъп до професионални съвети и консултации, свързани с новите технологии, процеси, продукти и услуги.

BioEvilBul - Консултации и партньорство при разработване и внедряване на системи за управление на качеството и безопасността

2010-02-09T06:39:00.000+02:00

Безжичен иновативен мониторинг на температура и относителна влажност.
Измерване и безжично предаване на данните до приемник или компютър
КРАЙ НА ОКАБЕЛЯВАНЕТО !

БИОДИЗЕЛ – ИЗИСКВАНИЯ И МЕТОДИ ЗА ИЗПИТВАНЕ

2008-11-18T03:10:00.001+02:00

1. ИЗИСКВАНИЯ КЪМ КАЧЕСТВОТО НА ТЕЧНИТЕ БИОГОРИВА
1.1. БИОГОРИВА-ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ И ВИДОВЕ
1.1.1. Определение
Чл.2 на директива 2003/30/ЕС определя: Биогорива са получените от биомаса, течни или газообразни горива за нуждите на транспорта. Като биомаса се считат разграждащи се биопродукти, отпадъци и остатъци от селското стопанство, вкл. растителни и животински субстанции, отпадъци и продукти на горската промишленост и свързаните с нея дейности, както и биоразграждащи се части от промишлени и битови отпадъци.
1.1.2. Видове течни биогорива:
Биодизел – метилови естери, получени от растителни или животински масла и с качество на гориво за дизелови двигатели;
1.2. ИЗИСКВАНИЯ КЪМ КАЧЕСТВОТО НА БИОДИЗЕЛ
Изискванията към качеството на биодизел са регламентирани в:
§ Приложение №3 към чл. 6 т.3 от предложението за изменение и допълнение на Наредбата за изискванията за качеството на течните горива, реда, условията и начина за техния контрол
§ БДС EN 14214 “Автомобилни горива. Метилови естери на мастни киселини за дизелови двигатели.(FAME). Изисквания и методи за изпитване”.
§ БДС ЕN 590 “Автомобилни горива. Горива за дизелови двигатели. Изисквания и методи за изпитване ”, успоредно с който трябва да се разглежда и БДС EN 14214.
1.2.1. Наредба за изискванията за качеството на течните горива, условията, реда и начина за техния контрол - ДВ, бр 66/2003г., изм.и доп. ДВ, бр. 69/2005.
Наредбата регламентира:
§ В приложение № 2 ”Горива за дизелови двигатели” разпространение на дизелово гориво от минерален произход с макс. съдържание на естери (FAME) не повече от 5%, считано от 01.01.2006 г
§ Подходящ метод за установяване на съдържанието на естери в горивото за дизелови двигатели БДС ЕN 14078:2004 ”Течни нефтопродукти. Определяне на метилови естери на мастни киселини в средни дестилати. Метод с инфрачервена спектроскопия.”
§ Подходящ метод за разделяне и идентифициране на естерите БДС, въвеждащ EN 14331:2004.
§ Въз основа на изменението и допълнението на Закона за чистотата на атмосферния въздух, Наредбата ще бъде допълнена с Приложение № 3 към чл. 6 т.3 “Биодизел-естери на мастни киселини (FAME)”
Допълнението предлага:
§ Стойността на показателя “Йодно число” до 31.12. 2010 г. да бъде 140 g І/100 g.
§ Определя два типа биодизел - тип “А” (летен) и тип “Е” (зимен) в зависимост от стойността на показателя “гранична температура на филтруемост”-за тип “А”-5 оС и за тип “Е”-минус 15 оС.
§ Регламентира летен и зимен период съответно от 16 април до 15 октомври и от 16 октомври до 15 април.
§ Допуска използването и на други методи за изпитване, при условие, че те са показали най-малко същата точност и прецизност, както и методите, които те заменят. Резултатът от изпитването при използване на алтернативен метод, трябва да показва взаимовръзка с резултата, получен при използване на реферативния метод.
Табл. 1- Изисквания към качеството на биодизел (FAME)- (приложение № 3 към чл. 6 т.3 )

Съдържание на естери %(m/m) ЕN 14103 min.96,5
Пламна температура °С ЕN ISO 3679 min. 120
Коксов остатък (на 10 % остатък от дестил.) %(m/m) БДС EN ISO 10370 0,3
Съдържание на сулфатна пепел %(m/m) ISO 3987 max.0,02
Съдържание на вода mg/kg БДС ЕN ISO 12937 max. 500
Общи замърсявания mg/kg БДС EN 12662 max. 24
Гранична температура на филтруемост °С БДС ЕN116 Тип А +5 Тип Е -15
Корозия на медна пластина-3h/50°C Клас БДС ЕN ISO 2160 1
Съдържание на сяра mg/kg БДС EN ISO 20846(A) БДС ЕN ISO 20847 БДС EN ISO 20884(A) 10
Плътност при 15°С kg/m³ БДС ЕN ISO 3675(A) БДС EN ISO 12185 860-900
Вискозитет при 40 °С mm/s² БДС ЕN ISO 3104 3,5-5,0
Цетаново число - БДС EN ISO 5165(A) ASTM D 7170 min. 51
Съдържание на метали І гр. (Na+K) mg/kg EN14108 EN14109 5
Съдържание на метали ІІ гр. (Ca+Mg) mg/kg EN14538 5
Съдържание на фосфор mg/kg EN 14107 10
Киселинно число mg KOH/g EN 14104 0,5
Йодно число g I/100 g ЕN 14111 120 (140 - до 2010 г.)
Съдържание на метилов естер на линолова к-на %(m/m) EN 14103 12

Съдържание на:

метанол %(m/m) EN 14110 0,2
моноглицерид %(m/m) EN 14105 0,8
диглицерид %(m/m) EN 14105 0,2
триглицерид %(m/m) EN 14105 0,2
свободен глицерин %(m/m) EN 14105 0,02
общо глицерин %(m/m) EN 14105 0,25

1.2.2. БДС ЕN 14214 “Автомобилни горива. Метилови естери на мастни киселини (FAME) за дизелови двигатели. Изисквания и методи за изпитване”
Стандартът е въведен като БДС чрез признаване, т.е. разпространява се само на официалните езици на европейския комитет по стандартизация.(CEN).
Стандартът се прилага доброволно според Закона за националната стандартизация.
Стандъртът определя областта на приложение на продукта - за използване при 100% концентрация в автомобили с дизелови двигатели, разработени или адаптирани впоследствие за работа със 100% FAME.
Стандартът изисква надлежна маркировка и обозначение на колонката за разпространение на биодизел.
2. МЕТОДИ ЗА ИЗПИТВАНЕ НА БИОДИЗЕЛ
Две условни групи:
Първа група – Общи показатели за дизел от минерален и биопроизход, определяни по еднакви методи, изисквани от ЕN 590 и EN 14214. Първите три от тях се включват в общия формат за докладване на качеството на дизеловите горива в съответствие с Решение 2002/159/ЕС;
Втора група –показатели само за биодизел, определяни по методи, изисквани от ЕN 14214,
2.1. МЕТОДИ ЗА ОПРЕДЕЛЯНЕ НА ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ ОТ ПЪРВА ГРУПА
2.1.1.Плътност при 15 оС – БДС ЕN ISO 3675 или БДС EN ISO 12185. При спор, хидрометричният метод, определен в БДС EN ISO 3675 е арбитражен. Изпитването се извършва при 15 oC. Да се има предвид, че наличните таблици за преобразуване на плътността не са приложими.
2.1.2.Цетаново число - БДС EN ISO 5165 или АSТМ D 7170. Директива 2003/17/ЕС допуска използване на други методи, при условие, че те са показали най-малко същата точност и най-малко същата прецизност, както и методите, които те заменят, включително и инфрачервен технологичен (Mid-FTIR) експресен метод за определяне на показателя. При спор, стендовият метод, определен в БДС EN ISO 5165 е арбитражен;
2.1.3.Съдържание на сяра – БДС EN ISO 20884 “Дисперсионен рентгеново флуоресцентен метод с определена дължина на вълната”, БДС ЕN ISO 20846 “UV флуоресцентен метод” и БДС EN ISO 20847 “Енергийно дисперсивен рентгено-флуопесцетен метод”. При спор БДС EN ISO 20846 и БДС ЕN ISO 20884 са арбитражни методи.
2.1.4. Кинематичен вискозитет – EN ISO 3104 “Нефтопродукти. Прозрачни и непрозрачни течности. Определяне на кинематичния вискозитет и изчисляване на динамичния вискозитет”
Метод, предназначен за определяне на кинематичен вискозитет чрез измерване на времето на изтичане на определен обем течност през калибриран стъклен капилярен вискозиметър.
Принцип-измерване на времето на изтичане при възпроизводимо понижение на хидростатичното налягане и при определена температура.
Апаратура – Калибриран, стъклен капилярен вискозиметър с възможност за измерване на кинематични вискозитети в границите на определената от стандарта точност, баня с регулирана температура, устройство за измерване на температурата, устройство за отчитане на времето.
2.1.5.Корозия на медна пластина - EN ISO 2160 “Нефтопродукти. Корозионна агресивност спрямо мед”
Метод, предназначен за определяне на корозионната агресивност спрямо мед на течни нефтопродукти с налягане на наситените пари до 124 кРа при 37,8 оС.
Принцип-Медна пластина се потапя в пробата и се нагрява при температура и период от време в зависимосдт от класа на продукта. В края на периода пластината се изважда и цветът й се сравнява със стандартни образци за оценка на корозионната агресивност.
Апаратура –медни пластина, бани с нагряване с точност ±1 оС/15 min, съдове под налягане (700 кРа), стандартни образци за определяне на корозионна устойчивост и др.
Реагенти-разтворител за промиване-изооктан с висока степен на чистота
2.1.6.Коксов остатък (върху 10% остатък от дестилация) - ЕN ISO 10370 “Нефтопродукти. Определяне на коксов остатък. Микрометод”
Метод, предназначен за определяне на масовата част на коксов остатък в границите от 0,1 до 30% (m/m),останал след изпаряване или пиролиза на нефтопродуктите при определени условия.
Принцип-Точно претеглена част от пробата се нагрява до 500 оС в инертна (азотна) среда при точно определени условия и време. Полученият коксов остатък се претегля.
Апаратура –коксова пещ с определени размери, снабдена с нагряване до 500 оС със скорост 10 до 40 оС/min, камера за азот и термодвойка желязо-константан с обхват 450 – 550 оС и др. абораторно оборудване
Реагенти-азот, несъдържащ кислород, с минимално налагяне 140 кРа.
2.1.7.Общо съдържание на механични примеси- EN 12622 “Течни нефтопродукти. Определяне на онечиствания в средни дестилати”
Метод, предназначен за определяне на онечиствания в течни нефтопродукти с кинематичен вискозитет не по-висок от 5 mm2/s при 40 о С.
Принцип-пробата се филтрира при 40 оС върху предварително претеглен мембранен филтър, след което пробата и филтърът промиват, изсушават и претеглят. Изчислява се разликата.
Апаратура - стандартна лабораторна апаратура и апарат за мембранен филтър, мембранен целулозен филтър със среден размер на порите 0,8 µm, сушилня с възможност за нагряване най-малко 120 оС и др.
2.1.8.Съдържание на вода- БДС ЕN ISO 12937-”Метод на Karl Fisher чрез кулометрично титруване”Титриметричен метод, предназначен за определяне на вода в нефтопродукти, кипящи при температура по-ниска от 390 о С
Принцип-пробата се титрува , като йода за реакцията се образува на анода. Стехиометрично и въз основа на общия електрически ток се определя количеството вода.
Апаратура - стандартна лабораторна апаратура и автоматичен кулометричен титратор на Karl Fisher, неарерища бъркалка, спирнцовки, аналитична везна и др.
Реагенти: аноден и катоден разтвори или разтвор на Karl Fisher в зависимост от вида на апаратурата и реагент - натриев диоктилсулфосукцинат
2.2. МЕТОДИ ЗА ОПРЕДЕЛЯНЕ НА ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ ОТ ВТОРА ГРУПА
2.2.1.Определяне на съдържанието на естери и метилови естери на линолова киселина чрез газова хроматография - EN 14103 “Мазнини и маслени производни. Метилови естери на мастни киселини. Определяне на съдържанието на естери и метилови естери на линоловата киселина”
Изисква стандартна газ-хроматографска система, отговаряща на изискванията на ЕN ISO 5508.
Изисква капилярна колона със стационарна фаза полиетиленгликол и с дължина 30 m, Ø 0,32 mm и дебелина на филма-0,25 µm
Изисква инжектор с променлива скорост на потока от 20 –100 ml/min и температура 250 оС
Изисква пламъчно-йонизационен детектор (FID) с температура 250 оС
Изисква носещ газ- хелий или водород с налягане-30 до 100 кРа, дебит 1 - 2 ml/min в зависимост от колоната
Изисква пещ с температура - 200 оС
2.2.2.Определяне на киселинно число - ЕN 14104 “Мазнини и маслени производни. Метилови естери на мастни киселини. Определяне на киселинното число”
Титриметричен метод, предназначен за определяне на киселинно число на лекооцветени естери на мастни киселини.
Принцип-проба, разтворена в смес от разтворители се титрува с разреден разтвор на калиев хидроксид при индикатор фенолфталеин
Апаратура - стандартна лабораторна апаратура вкл.:
§ микробюрети,
§ аналитична везна
§ рН-метър със стъклен и каломелов електрод
2.2.3. Определяне на съдържанието на моно-, ди-, триглицериди чрез газова хроматография -EN 14105 “Мазнини и маслени производни. Метилови естери на мастни киселини. Определяне на свободен глицерин, общото съдържание на глицерин и моно-, ди- и триглицериди”
Изисква стандартна газ-хроматографска система, отговаряща на изискванията на ЕN ISO 5508.
Изисква капилярна колона със стационарна фаза от 100%-ен диметилсилоксан с дължина 10 m, Ø 0,32 mm и дебелина на филма-0,1 µm. Колоната да бъде високотемпературен тип (с възможност за програмиране до 400 оС)
Изисква on column инжектор или еквивалентно приспособление
Изисква пламъчно-йонизационен детектор (FID) с температура 380 оС
Изисква носещ газ- хелий или водород с налягане-80 кРа,
Изисква спомагателен газ-въздух или водород
Изисква температурно-програмируема пещ
2.2.4. Определяне на съдържанието на свободен глицерин чрез газова хроматография - EN 14106 –” “Мазнини и маслени производни. Метилови естери на мастни киселини. Определяне на съдържанието на свободен глицерин”
Изисква стандартна газ-хроматографска система, отговаряща на изискванията на ЕN ISO 5508.
Изисква капилярна колона с дължина 10 m, Ø 0,32 mm и дебелина на филма-10 µm
Изисква инжектор с температура 230 оС
Изисква пламъчно-йонизационен детектор (FID) с температура 250 оС
Изисква пещ с температура - 210 оС
Изисква носещ газ- хелий с дебит 1 - 2 ml/min в зависимост от колоната
Спомагателен газ-въздух, водород
2.2.5. Определяне на съдържание на фосфор – EN 14107-“Мазнини и маслени производни. Метилови естери на мастни киселини. Определяне на съдържанието на фосфор чрез индукционно-свързана плазменено-емисионна спектрометрия (ІСР)”
Методът се използва за определяне на съдържание на фосфор от 2 до 20 µg/кg
Изисква индукционно-свързан плазменено емисионен спектрометър (ІСР) за определяне при дължини на вълната 213,618 nm и 178,287 nm;
Изисква кварцова горелка;
Изисква система за разпръскване пробата до аерозол;
Изисква перисталтична помпа с дебит от 0,5 до 3 ml/min.
Изисква тръбопроводи, устойчиви на въздействието на ксилен
Изисква калибровъчни разтвори със съдържание на фосфор от
0 mg/l ; 0,5 mg/l ; 1 mg/l; 2 mg/l и 4 mg/l.
2.2.6. Определяне на съдържание на Na и K - EN 14108 “Мазнини и маслени производни. Метилови естери на мастни киселини. Определяне на съдържанието на натрий чрез атомна абсорбционна спектрометрия” [ЕN 14109 –за калий)]
Методът се използва за определяне на съдържание на Na над 1 µg/g и съдържание на К – над 0,5 µg/g;
Изисква пламъчен атомно-абсорбционен спектрометър за определяне при дължини на вълната 589 nm за Na и 766,5 nm за К
Изисква кухо-катодни лампи за определяне на натрий и калий;
Изисква горелка с дюза, която да може да се използва с органични разтвори;
Изисква горелка за ацетиленово-въздушна смес;
Изисква система за разпръскване на органични разтвори, която да бъде устойчива на въздействието на разтворители;
Изисква калибровъчни разтвори със съдържание на Na (K) от 0,1; 0,2 и 0,3 mg/l.
2.2.7. Определяне на съдържание на метанол - ЕN 14110 “Мазнини и маслени производни. Метилови естери на мастни киселини. Определяне на съдържанието на метанол”
Изисква стандартна газ-хроматографска система, отговаряща на изискванията на ЕN ISO 5508.
Изисква капилярна колона със стационарна фаза метилсилоксан или полиетиленгликол с дължина 30 m, Ø 0,32 mm и дебелина на филма-0,5-3 µm
Изисква split/split less инжектор с температура 150 оС
Изисква пламъчно-йонизационен детектор (FID) с температура 150 оС
Изисква термостатично регулирана пещ или баня с температура 80 оС
Изисква носещ газ- азот, хелий или водород с налягане 40 кРа
Изисква спомагателен газ-въздух, водород
2.2.8.Определяне на йодно число -ЕN 14111” Мазнини и маслени производни. Метилови естери на мастни киселини. Определяне найодното чиисло”
Методът се основава на EN ISO 3961-”Мазнини и масла от растителен произход. Определяне на йодно число”, но е специално пригоден за определяне на йодно число на FAME.
Принцип-Разтваряне на проба от продукта в специален разтворител. Добавя се реагент Wijs . След определен период от време се добавят вода и калиев йодид. Титрува се с натриев тиосулфат.
Апаратура-стандартна лабораторна апаратура
Реактиви-калиев йодид; натриев тиофосфат; разтворител (смес от равни части циклохексан и ледена оцетна киселина), реагент Wijs (йоден хлорид в оцетна киселина като съотношението I/Cl e около 1,1 ± 0,1) и др
2.2.9. Определяне на стабилност на окисление- ЕN 14112 “Мазнини и маслени производни. Метилови естери на мастни киселини. Определяне на стабилността на окисление”
Методът се основава на ISO 6886 ”Мазнини и масла от растителен произход. Определяне на стабилността на окисление (изпитване на ускорено окисление)”, но е специално пригоден за определяне на стабилността на FAME.
Принцип-Поток от пречистен въздух се пропуска през проба с определена температура. Отделените пари при окислението се пропускат през вода и се определя проводимостта до нейното рязко покачване.
Апаратура-стандартно лабораторно оборудване и апарат под търговско наименование Rancimat, включващ: въздушен филтър, помпа, електроди, тиристори, и контактни термометри, нагревателен елемент, топлинна камера и молекулни сита с отвор на порите 0,3mm.
Реактиви-ацетон, глицерин, сикатив и др.
2.2.10. Определяне на пламна температура-EN ISO 3679-”Определяне на пламна температура-бърз равновесен метод в затворен тигел”
Методът се основава на температурно равновесие между сместа въздух/пари и изпитваната проба. Принцип-Изпитват се малки количества проба (2 или 4 ml) в температурен интервал от –30 до +300 оС. Пламъкът се рeгистрира в случай на покачване на температура с 6 оС за 100 ms.
Апаратура-стандартна лабораторна апаратура, загряваща баня с температурно регулиране с точност ±5оС, охлаждаща баня или фризер с температурно регулиране ±5оС, детектор на запалване-термодвойка с ниска маса за регистриране на пламък при запалване.
Реагенти-измиващ разтворител-смес толуен-ацетон-метанол
2.2.11.Определяне на съдържание на пепел – БДС ISO 3987 “Нефтопродукти. Смазочни масла и присадки. Определяне на сулфатна пепел”
Метод, предназначен за определяне на масовата част на сулфатна пепел, която може да се използва за определяне на концентрацията на известни металосъдържащи присадки в масла.
Принцип-пробата се запалва и се оставя да гори, докато се получи само пепел и въглерод. Охлажда се и се обработва с H2SO4 и се нагрява неколкократно до 775 оС до постоянна маса
Апаратура - стандартна лабораторна апаратура, електрическа муфелна пещ, тигел за изпаряване с обем 50 до 100 ml
Реактиви-концентрирана сярна киселина с чистота над 98%, пропан-2-ол и толуен с чистота над 99%.
2.2.12. Определяне на съдържание на Ca и Mg - EN 14538 “Производни на мазнини и масла. Определяне на съдържанието на Сa, Mg, Na, K чрез оптически емисионен спектрален анализ с индуктивно свързана плазма (ICP OES)
Метод, предназначен за определяне на сапунообразуващите елементи в границите от 1 до 10 mg/kg Принцип-разреждане на пробата с керосин в съотношение 1:1 и директно инжектиране в плазмата на спектрометъра. Получават се данни за съдържанието на K и Mg и сумарното съдържание на Na и К.
Апаратура –ICP OES с препоръчвани дължини на вълните за Са-422,673 nm, Mg-279,553nm, Na-588,995 nm, K-769,897 nm.
Реактиви: парафиново масло с висока степен на чистота, керосин, аргон и 2-етилхексанова киселина, стандартни разтвори
3. КОНТРОЛ НА КАЧЕСТВОТО НА БИОДИЗЕЛ
Контролът на качеството на биогоривата ще се извършва както при минералните горива въз основа на Наредбата за изискванията за качеството на течните горива, условията, реда и начина за техния контрол, когато те бъдат упоменати в нея като продукт, разпространяван на пазара в страната.
Тъй като биогоривата, ще попаднат в обхвата на наредбата за изискванията за качеството на горивата, вносителите, респ. производителите ще трябва да изготвят декларация за съответствие с изискванията за качество въз основа на протокол от изпитване в лаборатория, акредитирана съгласно изискванията на БДС EN ISO/IEC 17025.

ASTM публикува нови стандарти за биодизел

2008-11-18T02:32:00.000+02:00

По-широкото използване на биодизел е една стъпка напред след 13 октомври, когато ASTM публикува нови Международни стандарти, одобрени за силна биодизелови смеси.

ASTM International, един от най-големите и най-силни организации за разработване стандарти в света, официално публикува най-очакваните спецификации за биодизел на своя уеб сайт.

Новият биодизел смес спецификации включват:

ASTM D975-08A, спецификация за дизелови горива – използвани за пътни и извънпътни дизел приложения – ревизиранна версия, включваща изисквания за смеси с до пет процента биодизел

ASTM D396-08b, спецификацията за горива - използва се за домашно отопление и бойлери - бе ревизиран, за да включва изисквания за горива с до пет процента биодизел

ASTM D7467-08, спецификацията за дизелови горива, Биодизел Blend (B6 до 20) - една изцяло нова спецификация, която покрива готови смеси на гориво от 6 (B6) до 20 (B20) процента биодизел за пътни и извънпътни дизелови двигатели.

ASTM D6751-08, спецификация горивото за Биодизел бленд сток (B100) за средни дестилатни горива - използвани за контрол на качеството на чист биодизел (B100) преди смесване с конвенционален тип дизелови горива – ревизирана версия, включваща изискването за контрол на незначителни съставки чрез използване на нов тест (cold soak filterability test).

· Апарати за тестване на БИОДИЗЕЛ
· Полеви тестове
· Етанол в бензин и вода в етанол/метанол
· Анализ на биодизел и глицериди
· Общ глицерол, киселинно число, метанол
· 15/7/2006 - Наредба № 4 за нормите на пределните размери на естествените фири на акцизни стоки
· 30/7/2006 - Биодизел – основни понятия
· 16/8/2008 - Биодизел Консултации
· 30/7/2006 - Биодизел – българските производители
· 30/7/2006 - Биодизел – основни принципи, суровини, методи за получаване
· 30/7/2006 - Биодизел – основни свойства и методи за контрол
· 30/7/2006 - Биодизел – стандартни методи за аналитичен контрол
· 16/9/2006 - Наредба № 4 за нормите на пределните размери на естествените фири на акцизните стоки
· 12/4/2007 - Производство на биогорива в България
· 18/5/2007 - Наредба за условията и реда за подпомагане на производителите на енергийни култури
· 26/10/2008 - "Зърнени храни България" няма да строи втори завод за биодизел.
· 6/11/2008 - Нов завод за биодизел
· 18/11/2008 - ASTM публикува нови стандарти за биодизел
· 31/5/2008 - Автобусите в Columbus Ohio прекратиха използването на соев биодизел, поради високи цени

Field Testing Equipment Enhances Quality Assurance

2008-09-21T08:21:00.002+03:00

Source: http://www.biodieselmagazine.com/article-print.jsp?article_id=2779

From the October 2008 Issue
Field Testing Equipment Enhances Quality Assurance
by Robert Young

According to the National Biodiesel Board, biodiesel production in the United States reached 450 million gallons in 2007, up significantly from 2005 and 2006. As a result of minimum biofuel blend requirements set forth in the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007, biodiesel usage is expected to expand to 500 million gallons in 2009 and 1 billion gallons by 2012.

State and city mandates are also driving the demand for biodiesel. Minnesota recently passed a bill requiring that the percentage of biodiesel in diesel fuel increase from 2 percent to 20 percent by 2015. Pennsylvania and Massachusetts have also passed significant legislation promoting biodiesel use. One year ago, Portland, Ore., mandated that all diesel sold within the city contain 5 percent biodiesel. San Francisco’s entire city-owned diesel vehicle fleet, which includes city buses, ambulances and street sweepers, uses B20.

Interest in biofuels is also building in school districts, many of which are running their buses on B20 in an effort to reduce pollution and save money. One recent story documents how a Future Farmers of America chapter in West Virginia took advantage of state government grants to begin producing its own biodiesel to power the school district’s bus fleet.

Though biodiesel is becoming more popular, a recent study from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute gives reason for caution. The study found that biodiesel blend percentages can vary significantly without producer or consumer knowledge. A Boston Globe article discussing the study’s results noted that “fuels advertised as having 20 percent biodiesel actually had anywhere from 10 (percent) to 74 percent.”

In other words, due to lack of testing and verification, consumers may unintentionally be misled at the pump. These increases in government activity, along with documented inaccuracy in biodiesel blending, create an urgent need for reliable and cost-effective testing of biodiesel fuel components. “It’s critical that the fuel (biodiesel) meet the specifications,” said National Biodiesel Board spokeswoman Jenna Higgins. “An off-specification batch can create problems and a bad batch of fuel can be devastating (for the growth of our industry).”

As the market for biodiesel grows, thorough testing will be essential to ensure the safe and optimal performance of our cars, trucks and buses, as well as the continued success of the biodiesel industry.

Assessing Fuel Quality Fuel quality is the key issue for any biodiesel producer or distributor.

Fuel is transported through numerous channels before it gets to the consumer, creating many points along the supply chain at which fuel quality may be compromised.

Fuel quality can be compromised and deteriorate as it is introduced, stored, blended, or further distributed and sold.

As with petroleum diesel, problems in fuel quality can result in clogged filters and injectors, rough engine operation and wear, ruined fuel injection pumps, crank case oil deterioration and long-term engine damage.

Identifying the presence of several contaminants is critical to ensure the final blend meets proper specifications. These contaminants include water, methanol, total and free glycerin, microbial contamination and acid number.

To check quality and blend percent, field testing equipment has been developed and is in use.

Products range from the qualitative pHLip tests and Fleet Biodiesel testing methods, to the more quantitative Wilks Infraspec and the i-SPEC Q-100 handheld analyzer using impedance spectroscopy technology.

Below is a brief overview of the operations and capabilities of these products.

pHLip Tests:

The field test kits for B100 are a quick check in the field for detecting traces of catalyst, mono-, di- or triglycerides, soaps, acids and oxidized fuel.
While no technical expertise is required to operate the kit, interpreting observations can be difficult.
The basic test takes 10 minutes and involves adding B100 to a solution in a vial, flipping and redistributing the solution into two phases, followed by visual observation.
If soap is present it is seen as turbidity.
Glycerides and oxidized fuel are seen as concentration at the interface.
Fatty acids or triglycerides are seen as turbidity.
The color becomes progressively purple with increased acidity.
As described by their manufacturers, these tests work as a “firewall” and are to be followed up with lab tests.

The 3/27 (Jan Warnqvist) Test:

This basic field test, which can be performed on washed or unwashed fuel, requires no technical expertise and is based on the differences in solubility of biodiesel and oil in methanol.
The name is derived from the 1:9 ratio of biodiesel to methanol used for this test.
A passing sample, which indicates acceptable conversion, will remain clear with only slight color change and no separation of layers.
A failing sample often appears as cloudiness or as a pool of unreacted feedstock. It is suggested to monitor the sample for 30 minutes before determining a passing sample.
Results are subjectively examined.
Because this test is based on solubility, it is sensitive to temperature.
The recommended test temperature is 68 plus or minus 2 degrees Fahrenheit.

Fleet Biodiesel Test Kits:

Fleet Biodiesel Inc. provides test kits that require no technical expertise to operate.
Again, the biodiesel or blend is added to vials containing different solutions.
These kits are designed for use with all blends of fuel from B2 through B100.
Test kits similar to the phLip test are available for B5/B20 and a separate B100 kit is available for water, visual clarity and acid number.
A test kit for yeast/mold and anaerobic bacteria is also available.
The blend percent tests are threshold tests indicating if a B5 blend contains more than 10 percent biodiesel and B20 contains more than 30 percent.
The total glycerin field test kit has visual ranges for 0.05 percent to 0.5 percent.

Wilks Infraspec:

This small infrared instrument can make pass/fail determinations of total glycerin with an error of 0.03 percent in the range of 0.24 percent total glycerin.
All readings above 0.26 percent fail and readings below 0.22 percent pass.
There are factors which limit the accuracy and precision of this method, but it can be used for pass/fail monitoring.
This method is rapid, yielding results in less than one minute.
This instrument has also been used to determine blend percent and was compared to the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy EN method 14078, demonstrating results accurate within 5 blend percent below 50 percent and within 15 blend percent above 50 percent.

The Paradigm i-SPEC Q-100:

The trademarked i-SPEC handheld analyzer can be used by anyone from the plant through the distribution chain.
A sample is added to a cartridge and the analyzer produces a set of results.
This handheld analyzer tests the quality, as well as the blend percent, using impedance spectroscopy.
Impedance spectroscopy has demonstrated excellent correlation to traditional reference methods.
The i-SPEC can simultaneously measure the blend percent and original total glycerin in B100 used for blends of 5 percent to 50 percent within minutes, and also tests for total glycerin, methanol and acid number in B100 samples.
This is a mobile testing unit designed for ease of use and rapid test results.
These results are quantitative for blend percent within 1 percent to 2 percent and for total glycerin to 0.07 percent.
The determination for methanol is pass/fail for within or out of ASTM spec, as is the case for acid number. No interpretations are necessary, nor are subjective observations used to evaluate results.

Conclusions

No single method will satisfy all the testing needs and test for all the different critical parameters to ensure that biodiesel meets the required standards.

Quick qualitative methods with pass/fail capabilities have been important tools in testing frequently and throughout the distribution chain.

New methods with increased quantitative capabilities and accuracy provide advantages while offering the ease of use, portability and ruggedness for plant and field testing.

Robert Young is founder and chief executive officer of Paradigm Sensors. Reach him at ryoung@paradigmsensors.com.

Source: http://www.biodieselmagazine.com/article-print.jsp?article_id=2779

Получаване на биодизел

2008-09-09T05:53:00.002+03:00

Биодизел - Техники за получаване на биодизел

Биодизел - Контрол на качеството

Промоция на AquaLab Серия 4

2008-09-07T07:23:00.002+03:00

Новите апарати за измерване на водната активност AquaLab Серия 4 са на пазара в САЩ на 01 септември 2008.

Инструментите ще са международно достъпни няколко седмици по-късно.

AquaLab Серия 4 ще се предлага в три модификации:
AquaLab Серия 4TE;
AquaLab Серия 4TEV;
AquaLab Серия 4TE DUO.

AquaLab Серия 4 са естествено продължение на световно известните инструменти за измерване на активността на водата AquaLab Серия 3. Работата по тяхното създаване отне няколко години изследвания и развитие.

Основно преработения сензор дава възможност за почистване без разглобяване, а вътрешното съхранение на данните покрива изискванията на Добрите производствени и лабораторни практики.

AquaLab 4TE е стандартната версия на новата серия.

AquaLab 4 TEV има интегриран сензорен блок за измерване на водната активност: dewpoint и capacitance. Смяната на метода на измерване става само с едно натискана на бутон.

AquaLab 4TE DUO вероятно ще бъде хитът на пазара – апаратът позволява едновременно измерване на водната активност и съдържанието на вода.

За повече подробности:
http://www.bioevibul.com/
office@bioevibul.com
тел./факс: 02-8126563
Мобилен: 0888-625915

2008-09-03T06:09:00.000+03:00

Making Your Own Biodiesel

By Julian Edgar

Source: http://autospeed.com/cms/A_110008/article.html?popularArticle

Do a quick web search under ‘biodiesel’ or talk to biodiesel enthusiasts and you could assume that DIY making of biodiesel is cheap and easy; that it’s environmentally sound; and that all diesel engine cars run beautifully on the fuel.

But dig further and you’ll also find that the home production of biodiesel is potentially very dangerous; that to do it safely can involve costs much higher than they first appear; and that there are major question marks over car manufacturer support for biodiesel fuelled cars.

And then there’s another (Australian) implication: all biodiesel (including DIY stuff) is taxed at 38 cents per litre. If the fuel reaches the required quality standard, you can get that money back from the government – but few if any home producers have their fuel quality tested, an expensive process. Instead, they just produce biodiesel on the quiet – modern day bootleggers waiting for the tax man to knock on the door!

Making Biodiesel

So what actually is biodiesel? Biodiesel is a fuel made by chemically altering vegetable oils or animal fats.

Vegetable and animal fats and oils are triglycerides, containing glycerine. The biodiesel process turns the oils and fats into esters, separating out the glycerine. The glycerine sinks to the bottom and the biodiesel floats to the top and can be syphoned off.

The process is called transesterification, a method that substitutes alcohol for the glycerine in a chemical reaction, using a catalyst.

The alcohol that is usually used is methanol and the catalyst is either potassium hydroxide (KOH) or sodium hydroxide (caustic soda, NaOH).

Biodiesel can be made in small or large batches: the smaller the batch, the more easily obtainable the equipment needed. journeytoforever.org describes the making of a small test batch of biodiesel.

(Note: the following process is described here just to show what is involved in making a small batch. If you wish to make biodiesel, you MUST observe very important safety requirements for the handling of these chemicals and follow a much more detailed set of instructions.)

Requirements

1 litre of new vegetable oil (eg supermarket cooking oil)
200 ml of methanol
either potassium hydroxide (KOH) or sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
cheap secondhand blender
scales accurate to at least 0.1 grams
measuring beakers for methanol and oil
half-litre translucent white HDPE container with bung and screw-on cap
2 funnels to fit the HDPE container
three 2-litre PET water or soft-drink bottles
duct tape
thermometer

Mixing Catalyst

Accurately weigh out the catalyst – the amounts needed depend on its purity and also the characteristics of the oil. In this small batch only 3-4 grams are needed.
The catalyst is weighed in a sealed plastic bag to reduce water absorption from the atmosphere
Measure out 200ml of methanol and pour it into the HPDE container
Add the catalyst and then swirl the container until the catalyst dissolves. The mixture will grow hot from the reaction that is forming sodium methoxide or potassium methoxide (depending on the catalyst used).

Blending

Pre-heat the vegetable oil to 55 degrees C
Pour in the prepared sodium methoxide or potassium methoxide
Secure lid and blend for 20 – 30 minutes

Separating

Pour the mixture from the blender into the 2-litre PET bottle
Allow to settle for 12-24 hours
Darker coloured glycerine will form a distinct layer at the bottom
Decant the lighter coloured biodiesel liquid from the upper section of the container, placing it in a clean glass jar or another PET container

Testing

Put 150ml of the biodiesel into another PET bottle or glass jar
Add 150ml of water and cap bottle or jar
Shake violently for 10 seconds
If the biodiesel is of appropriate quality, it should separate from the water in about 30 minutes.

Washing

Use two of the 2-litre PET bottles
Pierce a small hole in the base of each bottle and then cover the holes with duct tape
Pour the biodiesel into one bottle and add 0.5 litres of tap water
Screw cap on tightly and then roll it about until oil and water are well mixed
Allow to settle and then drain off water from bottom of bottle through hole
Repeat the washing process
The biodiesel production process is then finished.

Clearly the above description is not suitable for making large amounts. However it shows the type of process that needs to be followed, irrespective of the quantity being produced.

Making Larger Quantities

To make useable quantities of biodiesel, more sophisticated equipment than that described above is needed. One example of a suitable home unit is the Biomaster biodiesel processor from Australian company Bioworks. It can produce 150 litres of biodiesel per 24 hour period. The Biomaster reduces emissions of methanol and does not require manual mixing of the methoxide.

The company lists some of the features of the Biomaster as:

Ideal for used and raw vegetable oils
Self draining cone tanks
Approx. 1 hour labour time
Anti-vortex tank fittings
Centrifugal tank mixing
No pouring or hand mixing of liquids
Built in sprinkler wash system
Unique design catalyst mixing mesh
150 litre biodiesel production
30 kg glycerol production
2 kW/hr energy consumption per batch

The base Biomaster costs AUD$3245.

One person using a Biomaster is Jonathon Thwaites, who also runs seminars on home biodiesel production. His biodiesel plant is located in a backyard shed, has full local government planning permission and conforms to legislation relating to storage of dangerous chemicals and fuels.

Logistics

For every 100 litres of biodiesel that is produced, you’ll need about 100 litres of used vegetable oil (or new oil of course), 20 litres of methanol, water and a small quantity of a catalyst. So, to perhaps state the obvious, if your car uses a tank of fuel a week, to run it entirely on biodiesel you’ll need to collect something like 50 litres of oil a week!

This oil may be available free from your local fish and chip shop or restaurant, but it is likely that you’ll have to collect it from a number of shops. (Jonathon Thwaites told us he collects 40 litres a week from a high class restaurant but that some fish and chip shops change their oil so rarely that you might collect 40 litres only every five weeks.)

In addition, you need storage facilities for the used oil, the methanol and the biodiesel. These vessels must be safe for fuel storage (no bodgy plastic containers!) and must be located in an area approved for the storage of the quantities you’re dealing with.

The glycerol will also need to be disposed of – it’s biodegradable and water-soluble so disposal doesn’t normally cause too much of a problem.

Take into account the sourcing and collection of the raw oil, the storage of the chemicals and liquids, the requirement (in our view it’s a requirement!) that quality and safe professional equipment is used, and you can see that making your own biodiesel is a pretty major on-going exercise.

Mixing and Matching

Biodiesel is often blended with petroleum diesel fuel. The ratio of biodiesel to petroleum diesel is expressed as ‘B’ number – B100 is straight biodiesel, B5 is only 5 per cent biodiesel, and so on. Biodiesel and petroleum diesel blend seamlessly.

Cars and Biodiesel

So having produced your first batch of biodiesel, can you just pour it into your diesel car’s tank and head off? Well, yes and no.

Firstly, it’s unlikely – very unlikely – that your car’s manufacturer’s warranty will be valid if you use untested fuel in your vehicle. Secondly, even if the fuel can be shown to be of high quality, the manufacturer may well not permit B100 use.

When using biodiesel, fuel filters will initially need to be changed frequently – biodiesel acts as a fuel system cleaner and so more material will be deposited in the filter(s).

Some suggest that the engine’s fuel injection timing should be retarded for better results (and lower oxides of nitrogen emissions – see below), a process that on diesels of the last decade will require engine management modifications and on earlier engines, skilled mechanical adjustment.

Rubber parts in the fuel system may be deleteriously affected by the biodiesel. This potentially includes seals and hoses. However, recent cars apparently do not have problems in these areas. (It must be kept in mind that low sulphur diesel also degrades rubber parts – many older car fuel systems have had failures when petroleum diesel previously changed to a low sulphur variety.)

Despite anecdotal evidence of how diesels ‘love’ to run on biodiesel, the only dyno tests that we have been able to find show a decrease in power or, at best, a matching of the power achieved on petroleum diesel fuel. This isn’t to say that if the engine was tuned specifically for biodiesel (eg on electronically managed cars by the use of an aftermarket interceptor), the results wouldn’t be better – the cetane value of biodiesel is higher than petroleum diesel.

Finally, the emissions performance of biodiesel is a question mark. Some studies show on biodiesel increased emissions of hydrocarbons and oxides of nitrogen, but reduced emissions of particulates and carbon monoxide. However, how good the emissions are of a modern biodiesel-fuelled car (complete with exhaust particulate filters, a cat converter, perhaps urea injection – all designed for petroleum diesel) is not so readily discernible.

Biodiesel Advantages

Biodegradable: not harmful to soil or groundwater in cases of accidental spillage Is a renewable fuel Carbon neutral, will not contribute to the Greenhouse Effect Can be used neat or blended in any ratio with petroleum diesel

Conclusion

It initially seems a great idea – brewing your own fuel in your backyard shed from vege cooking oil that’s being thrown away.

And for people in certain circumstances, we think individuals producing biodiesel is a great idea. For example, we talked to a truck operator who is making 14,000 litres of biodiesel a week. His trucks pick up the waste oil (though it now costs him $800 a tonne; four years ago it was free) and he then turns it into fuel for his truck fleet. His biodiesel plant operates 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.

We can also see it working very well on a farm.

But those situations are very different to a suburban home producer. To be honest, the thought of people handling relatively large quantities of highly inflammable fuels and toxic chemicals - and doing so in backyard sheds - seems to us to be a series of disasters in the making. With suitable equipment, and appropriate fuel handling facilities and safety equipment and procedures, the risk can be brought down to manageable proportions – but then again, the capital investment is also much higher.

DIY biodiesel? Interesting – sure! But not for us...

But that’s definitely not to say that biodiesel itself isn’t worthy of much greater attention and use – but produced commercially or semi-commercially to the required quality standards.

Contacts:

Jonathon Thwaites - www.sustainability.fm.uwa.edu.au

Download Jonathon’s DIY biodiesel seminar - see attachment below.

Biomaster - www.bioworks.com.au

Source: http://autospeed.com/cms/A_110008/article.html?popularArticle

Palm oil,Vegetablr oil,Soya Bean oil,Sunflower oil and others oil

2008-09-03T05:50:00.002+03:00

Source: http://forum.kahuki.com/free-stuff/9372-buy-palm-oil-vegetablr-oil-soya-bean-oil-sunflower-oil-others-oil-available.html

Buy Palm oil,Vegetablr oil,Soya Bean oil,Sunflower oil and others oil available

Many thanks for your mail and interest in our product.

We have got many customers and would rather prefer attending to our present customers instead of wasting of time with new unserious customers.

We are an approved Seller Mandate authorised to sell edible oils and food accross Europe and United States. we are glad to offer you the quote below directly from our seller.

Below is our terms and quotes .

1. Oil Origin : Argentina , Malaysia

2. Year Of Harvest : 20083.

Minimum Order : 50 MTArvin Kahlid: 5. Annual / Month supply : 120,000 Metric Tonns ( yearly contract). ( 10,000 Mt Per month Supply Ability )

6. Price : . as detailed below..

Sunflower oil ...700 usd per mt CIF worldwide
Soyabean Oil.... 700 usd per mt CIF worldwide ... ,
Jatropha oil ....750 usd CIF worldwide
Used cooking oil .. 250 usd per mt CIF worldwide
Vegetable Oil ... 500 usd per mt CIF worldwide
Palm Oil .. 600 usd CIF worldwide
Corn oil … 700 usd CIF worldwidejoe emma:

7. Technical Analysis and Specifications ..Avalaible from seller

8. Payment Terms :.Bank Wire Transfer, T/T ONLY( Buyer may advice Advance payment )

9. Sample :. AVailable for supply directly from Seller. fee including freight charges to your destination worldwide. NOTE .. NO FREE SAMPLES SO DONT DISTURB US TO RECIEVE ANY FREE SAMPLE BY ANY COURIER COMPANY.

10. Inspection : Inspected by RLM, SGS or any reputable analysis at the seller's Load Port Facility.

11. Packaging : In Bulk and in Litre & Flexi bags. we also offer customized packaging / Labelling for all our customers at a very cheaper rate .joe emma: These terms and quotes most be taken seriously and we shall take the first step immediately after you confirm seriousness. Please provide us with your company full detail and also contact number of the company's representative for easy communication as we proceed.

Should there be any question,Please contact us immediately.We are looking forward to having a good and long lasting relationship with your company.

OIL SOLUTION LIMITED

Loyang Offshore Supply Base,

217 SOPS Avenue,Box 5043

Changi, SG, ( 508988 )

Singapore

Email : kahlid001@rock.com

Source: http://forum.kahuki.com/free-stuff/9372-buy-palm-oil-vegetablr-oil-soya-bean-oil-sunflower-oil-others-oil-available.html

How to make biodiesel

2008-08-29T04:56:00.002+03:00

This article is a description of biodiesel making process. It will answer a very common question: how to make biodiesel fuel?

Biodiesel is made of vegetable oil. It can be a straight vegetable oil, found on a shelf in your local supermarket. It also can be a waste vegetable oil, used for frying fries. You can easily purchase full set of devices and tanks required for producing a biodiesel fuel.
To make biodiesel you need:

vegetable oil,
methanol and
catalyst.

As the catalyst you may use KOH (potassium hydroxide, known also as caustic potash, potassa, potash lye, and potassium hydrate) or NaOH (sodium hydroxide, know also as lye, caustic soda or sodium hydrate).

First you need to determine the acidity of vegetable oil. Oil from different batches may contain different amounts of free fatty acids. To make good biodiesel you need to know, how much catalyst you need to add, so you need to precisely determine the acidity of the oil. You take small amount of oil, and perform a litmus test. You will know the acidity of the oil and will be able to calculate the exact amount of catalyst to be used on your batch of vegetable oil. This part of biodiesel making process will be described here in more details in future.

The common proportion of all the stock needed to make biodiesel is:

1,000 liters (264 US gallons) of vegetable oil,
150 liters (40 US gallons) of methanol and
22 kg (48.5 lb) of KOH.

This will produce 1,000 liters of biodiesel.

When you determine the proportions of biodiesel, methanol and catalyst, the process is somewhat automatic.

You pour the vegetable oil to the biodiesel processor.
You mix the methanol and catalyst (some biodiesel processors are able to mix those two substances automatically, in some cases you need to prepare the mixture by yourself).
You add the methanol-catalyst mixture to the vegetable oil.
You start the pump or whatever mixing device the processor is equipped with.

The mixing process takes about an hour or so, depending on the processor.

After mixing, biodiesel needs to settle. The time required at this stage is close to 16-20 hours. The more time you give, the better fuel you get. This time is required for the glycerine to gather at the bottom of the tank. The glycerine is waste and needs to be separated from the biodiesel. Since glycerine’s density is greater than density of biodiesel, the most common way of separating those two substances is letting them settle and separate. You pour the glycerine in some tank and think of disposing it (I’ll post here an article on glycerine uses some time later). The proportion written above gives about 200 liters (53 US gallons) of glycerine.

At this time some biodiesel manufacturers wash the biodiesel. They wash it with water with some additive (helps to remove all the impurities from the fuel).

You put the water into some closed tank with biodiesel inside, mix it thoroughly and let it settle.
The water with all the impurities gathers at the bottom of the tank.
You pour it somewhere and repeat the washing procedure until the water is clean. I posted a photo of biodiesel after first washing in article about biodiesel.

If you wash the biodiesel manually in some small batch, you may use a plastic bottle to do it. If you do it in your biodiesel processor, the process requires only some attention and is done automatically.

At this moment you may use the biodiesel fuel in your diesel engine.

If you’d like to see how biodiesel is made, take a look at the video on making biodiesel.

Source: http://alternative-car-fuels.com/how-to-make-biodiesel/

Making biodiesel using jatropha oil?

2008-08-29T04:46:00.001+03:00

I have already made biodiesel successfully using fresh vegetable oil (homebrew). i tried using canola oil and the results were good. I am now trying using jatropha oil but I am experiencing problems when I try the same procedure just as I did with canola oil with the right measurements.:
When I heat the oil for 55 degrees celsius I should pour in the methoxide, usually from my experience the oil will start to thicken and then it will become thinner than original oil while I keep stirring. However with jatropha oil, after pouring methoxide in the oil, a reaction takes place and iwhite like soapy bubbles appear with the oil which I don’t find normal. What should I do to prevent this from happening? Was 55 degrees c too much? What’s the cause of this?I just found out that what seems to be occurring is like the process of making soap using jatropha oil because the ingredients is oil water and NaOH although I used the process with making biodiesel with 3.5g NaOH, 200ml methanol and 1 liter of jatropha oil. Can you help me figure this out, I know jatropha oil can be used for biodiesel but how should I process it? Should I heat it at a certain temp. that it will be thin to avoid that reaction?

Source: http://alternative-car-fuels.com/making-biodiesel-using-jatropha-oil/

2008-08-24T22:45:00.002+03:00

Biodiesel Breakthrough

August 24, 2008

A small group of unassuming mid-westerners has discovered what could be a complete game-changer for the global biodiesel industry. Their new system makes biodiesel in mere seconds, creates a product that costs half the price, produces no waste, and can use any animal fat or vegetable oil as a feedstock.
http://gas2.org/2008/08/21/american-ingenuity-leads-to-biodiesel-breakthrough/

In this tale, American ingenuity doesn’t get much more classic. A student and his professor at a small college smack dab in the middle of the heartland that virtually nobody’s ever heard of, have figured out a way to make biodiesel quickly, cheaply, and efficiently from a very small package.

We’re not just talking an incremental improvement, we’re talking half the price and a tiny fraction of the time — a revolutionary change for the biodiesel industry. Think on the order of saving $2 for every gallon and going from raw materials to biodiesel in a few seconds versus many hours.

Not only that, the process can convert any animal fat or vegetable oil, mixed in any ratio, into biodiesel using the same compact reactor in a continuous stream. Compare this to the current method which converts the oil or fat to biodiesel over many hours in huge vat batches and creates a lot of potentially hazardous waste products.

The Mcgyan® process (so named for the inventors McNeff, Gyberg and Yan) started as a required undergraduate chemistry project for student Brian Krohn at Augsburg College in Minneapolis, MN. Krohn and his major professor, Arlin Gyberg, were looking at ways to catalyze the raw materials into biodiesel using a process called esterification.

The basic idea was to run the raw fats and oils over a sulfated zirconia catalyst to change them into biodiesel. This idea isn’t new, but the duo thought they could improve on it. In the end, the pair enlisted the help of another scientist Ben Yan and an Augsburg alum Clayton McNeff.
McNeff already owned a company that made zirconia separating columns which are typically used for something completely different. With a little modification, these columns were turned into sulfated zirconia biodiesel reactors.

Basically, the process works like this:

Raw fats and oils of any type are combined with an alcohol
This mixture is fed through a sulfated zirconia column heated to 300 degrees Celsius
Their Easy Fatty Acid Removal (EFAR) system recycles any unreacted raw material back through the reactor
Excess alcohol is recycled back through the reactor
Pure biodiesel comes out the end

The advantages of the system are:

No waste produced;
No washing or neutralizing of the biodiesel is necessary
100% conversion of raw materials to biodiesel
Any raw fat or oil can be used to make biodiesel
Very efficient due to heat recapture from the column
Sulfated zirconia catalyst never needs replacing
Very small footprint of the reactor system, uses an extremely small amount of area for the amount of biodiesel produced
Essentially no emissions and no waste stream from the process;
Easy permitting from the government

The group has formed a company called Ever Cat Fuels and is in the process of building a 3 million gallon per year (MMgy) commercial biodiesel facility with the intention of scaling it up to 30 MMgy in the next 3-5 years. As soon as the Ever Cat plant is producing biodiesel successfully, the group plans on licensing the technology to other interested parties.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Source: http://katrinafilm.wordpress.com/2008/08/24/biodiesel-breakthrough/

Camelina sativa and its potential as a biofuel

2008-08-23T07:01:00.002+03:00

While jatropha is taking off as a biofuel stock, camelina sativa is garnering some attention of its own for its potential as a biofuel that would work with, not against, food crops.

The pros of the plant include that it doesn’t require much rainfall, yields crops double that of soy beans, produces an oil resistant to colder temperatures, and the leftovers after the oil is extracted makes for good livestock feed.

Additionally, it can be grown in rotation with wheat crops, helping to increase wheat yields by 15% while producing up to 100 gallons of camelina oil per acre. Since it produces industrial oil, and not food oil, yet leftovers can be used as food for animals that become food, it would go a long way in reducing the debate swirling around food crops as biofuel. Those are some pretty attractive pros.

The cons include growers not knowing much about the plant, and not a lot of field testing has been done on it (Montana State University is working on more studies on that).

However one feels about growing crops to fuel machines, advocates of biofuel may be turning to this plant as an option for a high-yield crop that doesn’t get in the way of other important food crops like wheat.

Source: http://chisblassternardone.blogspot.com/2008/08/while-jatropha-is-taking-off-as-biofuel.html

Crude Jatropha Oil for Engines, Power Generation & Other Key Applications

2008-08-22T04:30:00.001+03:00

Crude Jatropha Oil for Engines, Power Generation & Other Key Applications

Besides processing into biodiesel, Jatropha oil also has proven itself to be a viable source of fuel for power generation and heating applications.

In fact, many of the delegates we met at JatrophaWorld Jakarta and Miami had many examples to share about small scale Jatropha power generation plants for rural electrification projects in India & Africa.

Jatropha Oil for Small Scale Power Generation Projects
Many NGOs have Jatropha projects involving some of the poorest villages in Asia and Africa, and getting these poor farmers to plant Jatropha. With this, the village can become entirely energy self sufficient due to the multiple applications of Jatropha oil and by products.

One small scale Jatropha based power project we’ve heard of is the one being run by Winrock International in the Kabir Dham district in Chattisgarh, INDIA, which is already providing 24-hour power supply at the very affordable price of 50 cents per light bulb to poor villagers.

The 17.5 KW capacity power plant, which runs on raw oil produced from jatropha seeds, has been supplying electricity to the villagers since it became operational in April last year. Over 106 households in the area, which previously had no access to electricity, have already been ‘illuminated’ by this innovative power generation project.

The project in Chattisgarh represents Jatropha’s very critical role in rural development, and there other such projects scattered all over Asia & Africa in the Jatropha growing regions. Due to these initiatives, many of the worlds’ poorest will have the chance to get access to electricity for the first time in their life!

Is it Feasible to Use Crude Jatropha Oil for Large-Scale Power Generation?
Belgiuan sustainable energy developer Thenergo seems to think so. Thenergo have commissioned Wartsila to build the world’s first combined heat and power (CHP) plant that will run on jatropha oil.
The project, named Greenpower, is situated in the agricultural area Merksplas (Belgium) and is expected to become operational in February 2009. The plant will generate 6MWth of heat for two industrial partners, and 9MWe of electricity for the equivalent of 20,000 households.

The use of Jatropha oil in power generation and as heating fuel brings the industry a step towards the widespread commercialization of Jatropha, one of the very few ‘Biofuels’ that does not compete with food crops.

According to Wartsila spokesperson Ronald Westerdijk, “Jatropha oil is a liquid biofuel that has great potential since jatropha can also be harvested outside the world’s rainforest areas, even near deserts.”

Using Pure Jatropha Oil in Diesel Engines
Pure Jatropha Oil can be successfully used as a diesel replacement in stationary engines such as water pumps, as well as modified diesel engines for transportation including tractors and vehicles.

There are certain types of diesel engines that require only the addition of a fuel filter to run on pure Jatropha oil, thus eliminating the need of the more expensive blended biodiesel option.

In addition to this, Pure Jatropha Oil also performs better as a fuel due to its higher oxygen content, and has lubricating qualities.

The use of pure Jatropha oil as a transportation fuel makes it more affordable and viable, not to mention environmentally friendly than blended biodiesel.

Other Uses for Jatropha Oil
As a tool for rural development, Jatropha oil does play an important role in generating income and increasing the overall quality of life for communities involved in Jatropha cultivation.

In fact, one of the most critical uses for Jatropha oil is in cooking!

To people grappling with poverty, the price of kerosene or cooking fuel might be prohibitive. The availability of Jatropha Oil in this respect becomes a viable alternative to kerosene
Bosch & Siemens Home Appliances Group (BSH) has recently developed a stove “Protos”, which can successfully burn Kerosene and Jatropha Oil as fuel. In fact, BSH is pushing for the use of Jatropha oil, which is significantly cheaper and environmentally friendly.

More critically, a stove operated on Jatropha oil offers a much safer cooking environment because Jatropha oil is not very flammable and it cannot explode, two of the major concerns regarding kerosene. In rural communities where building materials are often plant based and highly flammable, a safe cooking environment is critical.

Additionally, the more efficient burning of Jatropha oil means that cooking time will be significantly less for the Jatropha stove, thus saving on valuable cooking fuel.

Jatropha’s Capacities in Power Generation, Diesel Engines, Heating and Cooking Covered at JatrophaWorld Hamburg 2008
With Jatropha rising to meet the electricity demands of the developing and the developed world, this application of Jatropha has tremendous potential to become a major revenue generator for Jatropha producers and project developers.

And at JatrophaWorld Hamburg 2008, we’re committed towards informing the community about Jatropha’s tremendous potential as a sustainable and environmentally friendly source of Biofuel.

That’s why we are proud to announce Wartsila as one of the newest additions to our panel of experts. Speaking on their CHP project, Wartsila will be sharing insights on alternative uses for Jatropha oil for heating and power generation.

We are also happy to share that Bosch & Siemens Home Applicances Group (BSH) is on our panel sharing more information on their revolutionary Jatropha oil cooking stove.
You can also hear from Cleanstar Ventures, a Jatropha project developer, on their first hand experience with using Pure Jatropha Oil in diesel engines and micro generators.

Source: http://futureenergyevents.com/jatropha/2008/08/20/crude-jatropha-oil-for-engines-power-generation-other-key-applications/

Vegetable oil price

2008-08-21T04:42:00.001+03:00

Used Vegetable Oil for USD220 Per Metric ton

Sessame Oil for USD220 Per Metric ton

Corn Oil for USD220 Per Metric ton

Vegetable oil for USD220 Per Metric ton

Soya bean Oil for USD250 Per Metric ton

Sunflower oil for USD250 Per Metric ton

Jatropha Oil for USD250 Per Metric ton

Palm Oil,crude palm oil, RBD

PalmOil for USD220 Per Metric ton

Palm Oil for USD220 Per Metric ton

Cooking Oil for USD200 Per Metric ton

Biodiesel for USD500 Per Metric ton

Castor Oil for USD240 Per Metric ton

Grape seed Oil for USD240 Per Metric ton

Jojoba Oil for USD220 Per Metric ton

Crude Palm Oil for USD220 Per Metric ton

Palm, RBD Olein for USD220 Per Metric ton

Palm Stearin Organic for USD220 Per Metric ton

Virgin coconut Oil for USD240 Per Metric ton

Kapop Seed Oil for USD200 Per Metric ton

Rapeseed Oil for USD270 Per Metric ton

safflower Oil for USD200 Per Metric Ton

Source: http://bangladesh.wetpaint.com/

Camelina looks to be best crop for biodiesel production

2008-08-20T05:42:00.003+03:00

Camelina looks to be best crop for biodiesel production

Posted in August 18th, 2008

by klemons in Feedstock, News

By DALE HILDEBRANT, Farm & Ranch GuideFriday, August 15, 2008 11:05 AM CDT
GRAND FORKS, N.D.

When considering biodiesel production, camelinaappears to be the Cinderella crop, according to information presented atthe recent Bio-Mass ‘08 Technical Workshop in Grand Forks.
In recent months biodiesel production has decreased in the U.S. becauseof high prices for soybean and canola oil, the two main oils currentlyused in biodiesel processing, since the oil from both of these seeds isin high demand in the food industry.
At the present time, about 90 percent of the oil used in biodiesel issoy oil and the other 10 percent is canola oil. But the biodieselproduction capacity of the U.S., which is 2.5 billion gallons per year,isn’t being fully utilized with production last year of only 500 milliongallons.

However, Duane Johnson the vice president for agricultural developmentat Great Plains Oil and Exploration in Big Fork, Mont., thinks camelina,which is sometimes called “false flax” could return profit to thebio-diesel industry and thus spur further growth.

For example, at the current market prices, soybean oil feedstock costs$5.25 a gallon and the feedstock price is about 80 percent of the finalproduct cost, making the final cost of a gallon of biodieselapproximately $6.60, which is a figure well above the current price ofdiesel fuel.
Johnson also noted that converting good grade vegetable oil such assoybean and canola oil is adding to the backlash over food versus fuel,a debate that is currently taking place world-wide. Since camelina is anindustrial oil, not a food grade oil, using it as a feedstock forbio-diesel would lessen that argument.

Using figures prepared by various agencies back in 2003, Johnsonprovided the following comparison for using oil crops grown in NorthDakota for biodiesel. Even though the growing costs per acre and thecost per gallon of the oil are considerably higher, the following dataprovides a good comparison between the various oil crops in regards tobio-diesel production.

Raising camelina could also be an economic plus for farmers in the morearid areas of the northern Great Plains.

Alice Pilgeram has been working with camelina research for the pastseveral years at Montana State University and claims the crop canprovide growers with a high value crop with relatively low input costs.Production acreage in Montana has increased from just 450 acres in 2004to between 20,000 to 40,000 acres planted this year.

Several other states, including North Dakota, are currently raisingcamelina and looking at expanding acreage in the future.

When it comes to fuel production, biodiesel is the most efficient formof alternative fuels, according to Johnson. In terms of gasoline anddiesel fuel production, for each calorie expended in the extraction andmanufacture of these products we recover 0.8 calories of energy. Ethanolproduction returns 1.1 calories for each calorie expended, but forbiodiesel, for each calorie expended 3.5 to 5.2 calories of energy arerecovered.

And, camelina is a superior oil when it come to biodiesel. The oilcontains a high amount of linolenic fatty acid, which usually leads to ashort oil life before it turns rancid. However, the camelina oil alsocontains a high level of vitamin E that serves as an anti-oxidant andextends the oil’s shelf life.

The high linolenic content is important to biodiesel production, sinceit gives the product a pour point of around -15 degrees Fahrenheit,which is considerably lower than the other oils offer and is importantfor users in this region of the country.

Pilgeram also noted that at least five biodiesel companies in Montanawill be utilitzing camelina oil in 2008.

Agronomically, camelina is an ideal crop for this region, since itproduces well with about 10 inches of rain and requires a low rate offertilization and pesticide use, and does well on marginal land, Johnsonexplained.

“We can get maximum yield with up to 10 inches of rainfall,” he said.“After that we start having disease problems.”
Johnson claims the biodiesel industry needs to look to a new generationof feedstocks if it is going to be successful.
“The future of biodiesel is going to be what happens in the nextgeneration,” he said. “Right now all of the oilseeds that we use to makebiodiesel, whether it be soybeans, sunflower, canola or mustard, arecompeting against a world food market. We need to start looking atnon-food crops, or the next generation of crops, for biodiesel production.”
These next generation crops should be lower in cost, because they aren’tcompeting for food use. These sources include using algae, where thetechnology is five to 10 years away, the tropical plant jatropha, whichis three to seven years away, and camelina, where the technology is herenow.
Camelina has one more advantage - a meal by-product that can besuccessfully used in beef, dairy, poultry and fish rations. Cold-pressedcamelina meal contains a residual oil of 8 to 11 percent and this oilcontains 34 to 38 percent omega 3 fatty acids and very high levels ofvitamin E.
The meal is also an excellent source of protein and is very low in ashcontent.
Beef feeding trials are currently underway at Montana State Universitythat show feedlot daily rates of gain were higher with a rationcontaining 3.5 percent camelina meal than rations containing 3.5 and 7.0percent soybean meal.
It may have been dubbed “false flax” in the past, but many feel there isnothing false about the future of camelina as one of the new sources forbiodiesel production.

http://www.farmandranchguide.com/articles/2008/08/15/ag_news/production_news/duc14.txt

Kenya to produce diesel fuel from jatropha tree

2008-08-20T05:22:00.002+03:00

Kenya to produce diesel fuel from jatropha tree
St Petersburg News.
NetSunday 17th August, 2008 (Alisha Ryu - Nairobi)

Kenya is joining a long list of countries planning to produce diesel fuel from the poisonous-but-oil-rich seeds of the jatropha tree, a plant indigenous to South America. The tree is at the heart of a five-year strategy to develop a bio-fuel industry in Kenya, which is expected to reduce the country's dependence on imported fossil fuels without threatening food security.

The jatropha plant can grow more than three meters high and produce golf ball-sized fruit. The fruit's poisonous seeds have been mainly used for medicinal purposes, but in recent years, researchers have discovered that the oil in the seeds can be processed into high-quality diesel fuel.

A senior official at Kenya's Ministry of Energy, Faith Odongo, tells VOA that preliminary tests have shown that the jatropha tree can be successfully grown in Kenya. She says about 5,000 hectares of land are being set aside for cultivation amid growing expectations that the plant could help the country reduce its fossil fuel imports by five percent in the next four years.

A hectare of jatropha can produce as much as 1,900 liters of fuel, which is several times more than can be produced from a hectare of traditional bio-fuel products such as soybeans and corn.'We expect it will make a big impact particularly in rural development and in the transport industry,' said Odongo.

Odongo says the government's objective in rural areas is to promote the replacement of kerosene and gasoline with bio-diesel. She says jatropha oil is just as effective as kerosene for lighting lamps and is ideal for fueling bio-diesel electricity generators.

Because the tree is drought-resistant and can be grown on soil that is not suitable for food crops, Odongo says jatropha would not have to compete for land and resources in food-producing areas. Jatropha production, she adds, may even help alleviate poverty in some rural communities. 'That is why we are trying to promote the plant, so that those who do not have a cash-crop can rely on that as their cash-crop,' she said.

Another benefit for Kenya is that the cultivation of jatropha could significantly counter the effects of deforestation in other parts of the country.

Developed in India for assignments.neb-wire fuel oil, jatropha has been attracting international attention in recent years as a new bio-fuel source. India, China, and Brazil have already planted millions of hectares of jatropha, and the plant is being tested in nurseries and farms in the United States and Japan.

Major car companies such as Daimler Chrysler are exploring the use of jatropha oil for automotive use and in November, Air New Zealand says it plans to test-fly a 747-

Boeing jet using jatropha bio-diesel mixed with aviation fuel.

Source: http://www.stpetersburgnews.net/story/395617

Go Green Home Stores To Begin Testing Alternative Biodiesel Product

2008-08-08T05:38:00.002+03:00

Go Green Home Stores To Begin Testing Alternative Biodiesel Product

SANTA MONICA, Calif./EWORLDWIRE/Aug. 5, 2008

California-based Go Green Home Stores is ardently pursuing alternatives to get affordable alternatives to gas to consumers, as they continue to struggle with prices at the pump. The company has already begun researching the latest technology in biodiesel and is in the midst of creating a system, so that one can produce their own biodiesel fuel from their very own home.

Go Green Home Stores' CEO Brian Sullivan painted a rosy picture by suggesting consumers "imagine never again relying on overseas oil companies, never again paying high ridiculous gas prices or sales tax on your fuel needs, and saving the environment at the same time.

All of these things are possible with the new inventions and breakthroughs in biodiesel fuel." Diesel fuel made from a common waste product - used cooking oil - offers endless benefits. Biodiesel fuel is "that old grease you never know what to do with - now you do," added Sullivan. Sullivan offers a more technical definition - a fuel composed of mono-alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animal fats, designated B100, and meeting the requirements of ASTM (American Society for Testing & Materials) D 6751, National Biodiesel Board. According to Sullivan, the reason biodiesel fuel is better for the environment than fossil-fuel diesel is because it burns cleaner.

"When biodiesel fuel is put into a diesel engine instead of petroleum diesel, it reduces greenhouse gasses, carcinogens, toxins, soot, hydrocarbons and sulfur," he said. "Biodiesel fuel can crank up any diesel engine and make it run exactly like it does with fossil-fuel, only cleaner." Many know that biodiesel is an alternative form of gas and safer for the environmen, but still may have their doubts, wondering if it is safe for their engines. According to the LA Biodiesel Coop, biodiesel that meets ASTM spec 6751 is better for engines than petroleum diesel because it has higher lubricity and runs cleaner.

"The diesel engine is one of the great feats of engineering, and was originally designed to run on vegetable oil," added Sullivan "It wasn't until later that the petroleum industry created its own fuel to run on (and subvert the idealist origins of) the diesel engine." Those who don't want to fool with any machinery or just dont want it in their backyards may still be able to reap the benefits by purchasing certified ASTM spec biodiesel fuel from Go Green Home Stores by visiting a local stores or by logging on to its e-commerce Web site. Go Green Home Stores is working diligently to have testing completed by the end of August, 2008.

"We expect to be at the forefront of alternative energy production and delivery systems for our customers. We're very excited at the aspect of this production technique as well as many others were currently pursuing," concluded Sullivan. "If the product is as safe and effective as expected, it will be available both in Go Green Home Stores and on the company's Web site for purchase by mid-September, 2008.

HTML: http://www.eworldwire.com/pressreleases/18825

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CONTACT:

Brian SullivanGo Green Home Stores, I

nc.311 North Robertson Blvd. Suite 360Beverly Hills,

CA 90211PHONE. 818-585-3589

FAX. 877-327-7193EMAIL:

info@gogreenhomestores.comhttp://gogreenhomestores.com

KEYWORDS: Green, Environment, Green Products, Green Home Improvement, Biodiesel, Go Green, Enviorinment, Alternative EnergySOURCE: Go Green Home Stores Inc. -->

Source: http://eworldwire.com/pressreleases/18825

Biodiesel Potential

2008-08-05T05:33:00.001+03:00

Although not as widely produced and used, biodiesel’s popularity is growing in the hemisphere. While the United States, Canada and Brazil use gasoline as the main transportation fuel, the rest of the continent uses more diesel than gasoline. Actually, in several Latin American countries, diesel is used not only for transportation, but also for power generation. For example, Honduras uses 32 million gallons of gasoline annually, compared to 66 million gallons of diesel for transportation and power.

The United States, Argentina and Brazil use soybean oil as feedstock, whereas most of Latin America is rich in palm oil derived from African palms. Brazil also uses sunflower, castor and other vegetable oils as feedstocks.

However, all these vegetable oils are traditional food staples and therefore increased use for biodiesel production reduces their availability and hence increases their prices. While future prices and availability cannot be predicted, it is safe to say that the link between food staples and renewable fuel, as is the case for vegetable oil-derived biodiesel, is highly problematic.

As feedstock prices have risen over the last two years, the profit margins of biodiesel production have largely evaporated. Soybean prices rose from $7 per bushel in January 2007 to over $12 in January 2008. Honduras and Colombia have in the last 12 months shelved plans for African palm plantations and biodiesel plants. In the long run, just like cellulosic ethanol, it makes sense to identify and pursue non-edible alternative, abundant and inexpensive feedstock. A number of companies across the Western Hemisphere are performing small-scale experiments with alternative feedstocks such as waste vegetable oil (used cooking oil), animal fat and fish oil.

In addition, efforts are underway to assess the potential and economic feasibility of jatropha curcas, a small tree that yields seeds rich in non-edible oil (35-40 percent) that can be converted to biodiesel. Because of its toxicity to humans and animals, jatropha is used for neither human nor animal consumption. Moreover, it is native to the Caribbean and Central American region, increasing the chances that it could form the basis of a local biofuels industry. To date, most of the information about jatropha planting and biodiesel production comes from India, where microfarmers grow the plant. A small commercial jatropha biodiesel company is operating in Guatemala and more developmental projects are underway in Honduras and South Florida.

Biodiesel is more amenable to small-scale production, as opposed to ethanol, which requires large economies of scale. The capital investment for biodiesel production units is around $0.50 per gallon of biodiesel capacity, whereas ethanol production units require more than $2.00 per gallon of ethanol capacity. Given that most of Latin America makes extensive use of diesel, biodiesel production in those countries makes economic and social sense. Process equipment can be secured from a number of manufacturers in the world, but they are all based on the well-established transesterification process (transesterification refers to the chemical process that turns oils and fats into biodiesel). Both on-site and pre-fabricated construction is available, and the plants are readily expandable. The issue of biodiesel quality standardization remains critical but, as mentioned earlier, recently the United States, the European Union and Brazil have initiated discussions to harmonize their standards, hopefully producing a single global standard

Source: http://www.latinbusinesschronicle.com/app/article.aspx?id=2605

Биодизелът е по-безопасен от нефтения дизел

2008-08-02T06:26:00.002+03:00

Биодизелът е по-безопасен за околната среда, отколкото традиционните дизели.

Ето някои факти от американското министерство на енергетиката:

Биодизелът е десет пъти по-малко токсичен в сравнение с готварската сол.
Биодизелът се разгражда четири пъти по-бързо, отколкото петролния дизел.
Биодизелът е безопасен за работа и транспорт, толкова колкота захарта.

За повече информация: http://www.wisconsinbioindustry.com/

Биодизел от водорасли

2008-07-27T08:58:00.003+03:00

Българи създадоха фотобиореактор за производство на биодизел от водорасли. Проектът ще бъде завършен до края на август, каза управителят на великотърновската фирма Пенчо Ганев.

В България вече се предлагат подобни съоръжения, но те са от внос и струват милиони евро.

Търновската компания се опитва да направи съоръжение с по-малък капацитет, като ползва чуждия опит.
Технологията е разработена първо от НАСА.
Идеята е в реактора да се развиват високопродуктивни щамове водорасли, от които да се произвежда биодизел.
Използват се специални посевки водни растения, които съдържат 70-85% повече масло, отколкото рапицата. Водораслите ще се развиват в специална хранителна среда, подготвена в полиетиленови ръкави. Ръкавите ще са разположени на половин декар площадка край Велико Търново.
Водораслите могат да осигуряват от 10 до 100 пъти повече енергия от декар в сравнение със сегашните енергийни култури. Освен това растат 40 пъти по-бързо от другите растения.
Друго предимство е, че те не изискват толкова прясна вода, нито заемат площ, на която иначе може да се отглеждат хранителни култури.
От септември 2007 г. досега цената на биодизела е скочила с близо 50% и в момента е 1800-2000 лв./тон в ЕС.

Цената на рапичните семена също се е увеличила и се продават за около 400-420 евро/тон. Засилва се интересът на българските фермери към купуване на малките инсталации за производство на биодизел за собствени нужди.

Фирмата разработва минисъоръжения, които произвеждат от 500 л до 1 тон биодизел дневно. Те могат да задоволят нуждите от гориво на фермери и арендатори.

Източник: http://www.agro.bg/

Samsung to build biodiesel plant in Indonesia

2008-07-25T06:06:00.001+03:00

Eric Watkins

Senior Correspondent

LOS ANGELES, July 23

Samsung Group intends to invest $1.63 billion to develop a 25,000-hectare oil palm plantation and biodiesel plant in Indonesia's Riau province.

"They bought the land recently, and that was their first investment. The total investment will likely increase by 10 times," said Al Hilal Hamdi, who heads Indonesia's national team for biofuel development.

Hamdi, who claimed that Samsung had spent 1.5 trillion rupiah on acquiring the land and the plant, said the facility was expected to go online in 2009 and would produce 50,000 kl./year of biodiesel.

Indonesia currently produces two types of biofuel:

bioethanol made from cassava, sugarcane, and sorghum; and
biodiesel, which is made from castor and crude palm oil.

Output of both types is expected to increase greatly after October when Indonesia plans to impose a new regulation requiring that at least 2.5% of fuel consumed by manufacturers is comprised of biofuel.

Contact Eric Watkins at hippalus@yahoo.com.

Source: http://www.ogj.com/display_article/335116/7/ONART/none/Prong/1/Samsung-to-build-biodiesel-plant-in-Indonesia/

A View From Europe: Trans-Atlantic biodiesel war

2008-07-25T05:54:00.003+03:00

By Andreas Geiger

After focusing its attention on “dumped” imports from China and other Asian-Pacific countries in recent years, the EU is once again eyeing imports from the United States. The commodity the two sides used to fight over was steel. The new battle is over biodiesel.

A whole host of issues are at play: food shortages in developing countries, oil supply and demand, protection of rain forests, carbon dioxide emissions. Both the EU and the United States have embraced biofuels as a way to reduce reliance on oil and curb greenhouse gas emissions. Even though Europe has recently expressed second thoughts about mandating production of these new fuels — which can be made from corn, rapeseed, wheat or sugar — European manufacturers continue to push the EU to investigate whether U.S. biodiesel producers receive trade-distorting government aid. That aid, the EU producers contend, allows their American competitors to “dump,” or sell the product below cost, in European markets.

The subsidies in question include federal tax credits and grants to finance biodiesel plants. The specific focus of the latest case concerns the so-called B99.9 blend. In its anti-dumping complaint, the European Biodiesel Board (EBB), which represents companies responsible for 80 percent of EU biofuel production, claims that U.S. subsidies for the blend preceded a rapid rise in exports to EU countries. The result: biodiesel prices here fell 30 percent over the past two years.

The EBB argues that, under U.S. law, producers of the B99.9 blend qualify for subsidies of approximately $320 per ton. The blend is made by mixing pure biodiesel (often cheaply imported from countries like Indonesia or Malaysia) with 0.1 percent or less of regular diesel fuel. This 99.9 percent blend can then be resold in Europe as pure biodiesel, where it is eligible for yet another blending subsidy.

The EBB also claims that the U.S. tax credits prevent EU producers from growing their market share — which they desperately need to do to reach the EU’s ambitious target of achieving a 10 percent share for biofuels in transportation fuels by 2020. (EU officials have said recently they may reconsider that mandate in light of rising food prices.)

If the European Commission determines that the conduct of the U.S. has an “adverse effect” on the Europe’s biodiesel industry, it could impose anti-dumping duties on American biodiesel imports. The European Commission can impose provisional anti-subsidy duties for four months and provisional anti-dumping levies for six months. The EU’s Council of Ministers can then extend those measures for five years.

Peter Mandelson, the EU commissioner of external trade, said the commission “will not under any circumstances tolerate unfair trade, and will pursue vigorously any well-founded complaint.”
American biodiesel manufacturers countered by arguing that the poor performance of the European biodiesel industry is not connected with U.S. exports. The problem, according to the U.S. National Biodiesel Board (NBB), is that the European biodiesel plants use a more expensive feedstock and it is getting pricier. The NBB has accused the EBB of resorting to “a protectionist ploy.’’

The stakes are high for the entire European biofuels industry. Biodiesel makes up 80 percent of the EU’s total production of biofuels. Most of the biodiesel imported by Europe comes from the U.S. The volume of American imports has grown from 7,000 tons in 2005 to more than 1 million tons last year. The NBB now has asked the U.S. trade representative to act. But the decisions in this case will be made within the EU. That doesn’t bode well for NBB; provisional anti-dumping measures turn into definitive measures in more than 95 percent of the anti-dumping cases ruled on by the EU.

Geiger is founder and managing partner of Alber & Geiger, a leading EU government relations law firm with offices in Brussels and Berlin. Before that, Geiger was head of the EU Law Center of Ernst & Young, and president and CEO of Cassidy & Associates Europe. He has written a handbook on lobbying the EU.

Source: http://thehill.com/the-executive/a-view-from-europe-trans-atlantic-biodiesel-war-2008-07-23.html

………………………………………………
Preferred Links: http://www.bioevibul.com/; http://aw.of.foods.googlepages.com/; http://www.pkv-bg.com/; http://zelenazona.blogspot.com/; http://pkv-ethanol-coproducts.blogspot.com/; http://pkv-glycerol.blogspot.com/; http://howto-make.blogspot.com/; http://pkv-biodiesel.blogspot.com/; http://pkv-podsladiteli.blogspot.com/;
…………………………………………………

The Byproducts of Biodiesel Production Are Valuable Organic Acids, Researchers Say

2008-07-24T06:05:00.003+03:00

by Jade Boyd, Rice News Staff

Houston, United States [RenewableEnergyWorld.com]

In a move that could possibly change the economics of biodiesel refining, chemical engineers at Rice University have come up with a set of techniques for converting sometimes problematic biofuels waste into chemicals that fetch a profit.

The latest research, which was funded by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the National Science Foundation, Rice University and Glycos Biotechnologies, involves a new fermentation process that allows E. coli and other enteric bacteria to convert glycerin — the major waste byproduct of biodiesel production — into formate, succinate and other valuable organic acids.
"Biodiesel producers used to sell their leftover glycerin, but the rapid increase in biodiesel production has left them paying to get rid of it," said lead researcher Ramon Gonzalez, Rice's William W. Akers Assistant Professor in Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering. "The new metabolic pathways we have uncovered paved the way for the development of new technologies for converting this waste product into high-value chemicals."

About one pound of glycerin, also known as glycerol, is created for every 10 pounds of biodiesel produced. According to the National Biodiesel Board, U.S. companies produced about 450 million gallons of biodiesel in 2007, and about 60 new plants with a production capacity of 1.2 billion gallons are slated to open by 2010.

Gonzalez's team last year announced a new method of glycerol fermentation that used E. coli to produce ethanol, another biofuel. Even though the process was very efficient, with operational costs estimated to be about 40 percent less that those of producing ethanol from corn, Gonzalez said new fermentation technologies that produce high-value chemicals like succinate and formate hold even more promise for biodiesel refiners because those chemicals are more profitable than ethanol.

"With fundamental research, we have identified the pathways and mechanisms that mediate glycerol fermentation in E. coli," Gonzalez said. "This knowledge base is enabling our efforts to develop new technologies for converting glycerol into high-value chemicals."
Gonzalez said scientists previously believed that the only organisms that could ferment glycerol were those capable of producing a chemical called 1,3-propanediol, also known as 1,3-PDO. Unfortunately, neither the bacterium E. coli nor the yeast Saccharomyces — the two workhorse organisms of biotechnology — were able to produce 1,3-PDO.

Gonzalez's research revealed a metabolic pathway for glycerol fermentation, one that uses 1,2-PDO, a chemical similar to 1,3-PDO, that E. coli can produce.

"The reason this probably hadn't been discovered before is that E. coli requires a particular set of fermentation conditions for this pathway to be activated," Gonzalez said. "It wasn't easy to zero in on these conditions, so it wasn't the sort of process that someone would stumble upon by accident."

Once the new metabolic pathways were identified, Gonzalez's team began using metabolic engineering to design new versions of E. coli that could produce a range of high-value products. For example, while basic E. coli ferments glycerol to produce very little succinate, Gonzalez's team has created a new version of the bacterium that produces up to 100 times more. Succinate is a high-demand chemical feedstock that's used to make everything from noncorrosive airport deicers and nontoxic solvents to plastics, drugs and food additives. Most succinate today comes from nonrenewable fossil fuels.

Gonzalez said he's had similar success with organisms designed to produce other high-value chemicals, including formate and lactate.

"Our goal goes beyond using this for a single process," he said. "We want to use the technology as a platform for the 'green' production of a whole range of high-value products."
Technologies based on Gonzalez's work have been licensed to Glycos Biotechnologies Inc., a Houston-based startup company that plans to open its first demonstration facility within the next 12 months.

Source: http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/story?id=53116

---------------------------------------

How biodiesel is made

2008-07-19T11:21:00.002+03:00

How biodiesel is made

Four years ago, doing a little experimenting in his Centre Township workshop, John T. Bailey created a fairly straightforward process for making biodiesel suitable for use for home heating.

Bailey fills a 55-gallon barrel with used vegetable oil. He adds chemicals to the oil and forces air into the container to blend the oil and chemicals.

The chemicals and oil mix for about 20 minutes, with the forced air agitating the mixture.

After an hour of settling, Bailey has usable oil and a glycerine byproduct.In four years, he's made 8,000 gallons of fuel, which he burns in the furnaces in his home and two workshops.

A gallon costs $1.25 to make, which is considerably less expensive than the price of heating oil, Bailey said.

Source: http://www.readingeagle.com/article.aspx?id=99368

Integrated production for biodiesel and PDO with Lipase-catalyzed transesterification and fermentation

2008-07-19T06:42:00.003+03:00

Integrated production for biodiesel and PDO with Lipase-catalyzed transesterification and fermentation

Biodiesel production with enzymatic approaches

Lipase-catalyzed transesterification from renewable oils for biodiesel production has many advantages over chemical approaches though the latter has been put into the industrialization for biodiesel production. However, the low stability (poor operational life) and the high cost of the lipase have been thought to be the main hurdle to the industrialization of lipase-catalyzed biodiesel production.

Tsinghua University has proposed a novel route and the operational life of the immobilized lipase could be improved over 50-fold than traditional enzymatic approaches. This novel route is thought to be very promising for the commercialization of biodiesel production since it would reduce the lipase cost dramatically by significantly improving the stability and the operational life of the lipase. The demonstrational test in a pilot plant with capacity of 100kg/d biodiesel was successful. A new plant with 20,000ton/year capacity has been constructed in Hunan, China and it was put into operation in Dec. 8, 2006. The results from the full scale operation are even better than in the pilot plant demonstration.

Integrated production of 1,3-PDO from by-product glycerol

As a by-product, glycerol will be yielded at about 10% of biodiesel during the process of biodiesel production. How to convert glycerol has become a common problem which has to be resolved if considering large amount of biodiesel production. Integrated production of 1,3-propanediol (PDO) from glycerol could be a promising way to improve the profit of the whole process during biodiesel production.

1,3-PDO is a valuable chemical material and especially it could be copolymerizes with terephthalic acid (or methyl ester) to form polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT). PTT has excellent properties compared to other polymers such as PET. 1,3-PDO can be synthesized from petrochemicals by chemical approaches or manufactured from renewable substrates by fermentation. However, it’s well known that there are many disadvantages associated with chemical approaches for 1,3-PDO production, such as low selectivity, high temperature and high pressure needed etc. Especially the material for chemical approaches is unrenewable and some intermediates such as ethylene oxide and acrolein are explosive or high toxic. Therefore, fermentation approaches for 1,3-PDO production have drawn more and more attention by considering its advantages over chemical method such as relatively low investment, mild reaction conditions and using renewable sources as the starting materials.

Tsinghua University has proposed a novel flexible process for 1,3-PDO production from glycerol or glucose, and the demonstration was finished in pilot plant at the end of 2003 and in industrial scale(50m3fermentor) in June 2006. The purity of final product 1,3-PDO is as good as 99.92%. Some 1,3-PDO sample was tested for PTT polymerization by Chinese and Japanese companies. The results showed that the key characteristics (such as inherent viscosity) of PTT polymerized with the 1,3-PDO produced by biological route are even better than that by chemical route. Currently the large-scale production of 1,3-PDO(20000tons/year) is being under construction.

Based on the above technology, It could be well integrated to produce biodiesel and 1,3-PDO.

Contact information:
James Liu
Manager, TechTrans Devision
International Technology Transfer Center, Tsinghua University
2206, Huaye Building, Tsinghua University, 100084 BJ, PRC
Tel: +86 10 62795175 ext. 305
Fax: +86 10 62795182
Cell: +86 13501397707
Eml: ljy@ittc.com.cn
http://www.ittc.com.cn/

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Виж също:
HACCP, BRC, IFS, ISO;
Гел за поливане на цветя по време на отпуск;
Гел за подхранване на цветя по време на отпуск;
Апарати за измерване активност на водата
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

Algae Diesel

2008-07-18T20:53:00.000+03:00

Algae Diesel

Solazyme announced recently that Soladiese1RDTM , a microalgae-derived renewable diesel, has passed American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D-975 specifications. SoladieselRDTM is the first algal-based renewable diesel to meet these standards.
In a 100% blend, SoladieselRDTM has been road tested in a factory standard 2005 Jeep Liberty diesel. The fuel's chemical composition is identical to that of standard petroleum based diesel, and SoladieselRDTM is fully compatible with the existing transportation fuel infrastructure. Having fewer particulate emissions, SoladieselRDTM also has a more desirable environmental footprint than standard petro-diesel. In addition, it meets the new ASTM ultra low sulfur diesel (ULSD) standards.

"This now marks the production of our second fuel that meets current U.S. fuel specifications and is an important validation of our proprietary process using microalgae to produce renewable fuels," said Jonathan Wolfson, chief executive officer of Solazyme. "Solazyme's leadership in the green fuels space will continue to grow as we now execute on our strategy for commercial launch."

The only advanced biofuels company producing at scale, Solazyme implements a unique microbial fermentation process that allows algae to produce oil in massive vessels quickly, efficiently and without sunlight. The process can utilize many forms of non-food feedstocks, including waste glycerol and many cellulosic materials including wood chips, corn stover and switchgrass. The resulting oils can be leveraged across a wide variety of industries and applications, including fuels, edible oils and chemicals and are completely biodegradable, nontoxic and safe.

Източник: http://jalopnik.com/397266/algae-die...weekend-bender

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Виж също:
HACCP, BRC, IFS, ISO;
Гел за поливане на цветя по време на отпуск;
Гел за подхранване на цветя по време на отпуск;
Апарати за измерване активност на водата
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

Research yields pricey chemicals from biodiesel waste

2008-07-16T04:33:00.002+03:00

Rice engineers ID 'green' methods to make valuable organic acids

BY JADE BOYD
Rice News staff

In a move that promises to change the economics of biodiesel refining, chemical engineers at Rice University have unveiled a set of techniques for cleanly converting problematic biofuels waste into chemicals that fetch a profit.

The latest research is available online in the journal Metabolic Engineering. The new paper and others published earlier this year describe a new fermentation process that allows E. coli and other enteric bacteria to convert glycerin -- the major waste byproduct of biodiesel production -- into formate, succinate and other valuable organic acids.

Ramon Gonzalez (center), the William W. Akers Assistant Professor in Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, joins graduate students (from left) James Clomburg, Clementina Dellomonaco, Ashutosh Gupta and Ruiqiang Sun in the lab.

"Biodiesel producers used to sell their leftover glycerin, but the rapid increase in biodiesel production has left them paying to get rid of it," said lead researcher Ramon Gonzalez, Rice's William W. Akers Assistant Professor in Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering. "The new metabolic pathways we have uncovered paved the way for the development of new technologies for converting this waste product into high-value chemicals."

About one pound of glycerin, also known as glycerol, is created for every 10 pounds of biodiesel produced. According to the National Biodiesel Board, U.S. companies produced about 450 million gallons of biodiesel in 2007, and about 60 new plants with a production capacity of 1.2 billion gallons are slated to open by 2010.

Gonzalez's team last year announced a new method of glycerol fermentation that used E. coli to produce ethanol, another biofuel. Even though the process was very efficient, with operational costs estimated to be about 40 percent less that those of producing ethanol from corn, Gonzalez said new fermentation technologies that produce high-value chemicals like succinate and formate hold even more promise for biodiesel refiners because those chemicals are more profitable than ethanol.

"With fundamental research, we have identified the pathways and mechanisms that mediate glycerol fermentation in E. coli," Gonzalez said. "This knowledge base is enabling our efforts to develop new technologies for converting glycerol into high-value chemicals."

Gonzalez said scientists previously believed that the only organisms that could ferment glycerol were those capable of producing a chemical called 1,3-propanediol, also known as 1,3-PDO. Unfortunately, neither the bacterium E. coli nor the yeast Saccharomyces -- the two workhorse organisms of biotechnology -- was able to produce 1,3-PDO.

Gonzalez's research revealed a previously unknown metabolic pathway for glycerol fermentation, a pathway that uses 1,2-PDO, a chemical similar to 1,3-PDO, that E. coli can produce.

"The reason this probably hadn't been discovered before is that E. coli requires a particular set of fermentation conditions for this pathway to be activated," Gonzalez said. "It wasn't easy to zero in on these conditions, so it wasn't the sort of process that someone would stumble upon by accident."

Once the new metabolic pathways were identified, Gonzalez's team began using metabolic engineering to design new versions of E. coli that could produce a range of high-value products. For example, while run-of-the-mill E. coli ferments glycerol to produce very little succinate, Gonzalez's team has created a new version of the bacterium that produces up to 100 times more. Succinate is a high-demand chemical feedstock that's used to make everything from noncorrosive airport deicers and nontoxic solvents to plastics, drugs and food additives. Most succinate today comes from nonrenewable fossil fuels.

Gonzalez said he's had similar success with organisms designed to produce other high-value chemicals, including formate and lactate.

"Our goal goes beyond using this for a single process," he said. "We want to use the technology as a platform for the 'green' production of a whole range of high-value products."

Technologies based on Gonzalez's work have been licensed to Glycos Biotechnologies Inc., a Houston-based startup company that plans to open its first demonstration facility within the next 12 months.

The research was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the National Science Foundation, Rice University and Glycos Biotechnologies Inc.

Source: http://www.media.rice.edu/media/NewsBot.asp?MODE=VIEW&ID=11167

===============================

Biodiesel Equipment

2008-07-07T08:52:00.001+03:00

Biodiesel Equipment

People who want to use biodiesel as their fuel need the right equipment to turn plant oils or animal fats into biodiesel. Because of its environment-friendly nature and its usefulness, people are starting to shift to this fuel for use in their homes, their cars, and their farms. Different equipment is needed to produce biodiesel depending on how much of the fuel a person wants to make.

If a person wants to produce only a small amount of biodiesel, then a simple equipment set can be used. This equipment can be bought individually from retailers. A simpler way to obtain these things is through buying biodiesel kits from dealers. Many of these kits are available online.

Transesterification is the process of purifying animal fats or oils by them it react with alcohol through catalysts such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. Plant oils are the easiest to make biodiesel. A person can use plant oils from corn, rapeseed, palm, sunflower, peanut, soybean or canola. Methoxide is formed by mixing together the catalyst and an alcohol, which can either be ethanol or methanol. When methoxide is mixed with the plant oils for a period of time, esters are obtained. These esters compose biodiesel.

A small amount of biodiesel can be made in a backyard or garage. However, if a person wants to make the fuel at home, he or she should be very careful when handling chemicals that could be dangerous and even fatal. The catalyst sodium hydroxide can severely burn the skin. Methanol is also dangerous and can cause blindness. These substances should be handled very carefully. These chemicals should be placed only in polyethylene, polypropylene, glass or stainless steel containers.

The following are some of the other tools that are required to produce the fuel at home:

· A reactor vessel where the chemicals are mixed together

· Funnels, graduated beakers and scales to accurately weigh the substances

· A heater to heat the mixture

· A pH indicator for the catalyst, such as an electronic pH indicator, a chemical indicator solution or a litmus paper

· A dropper or syringe

· A stirrer

· Water to wash the biodiesel after the transesterification process is completed

· A dry, sealed storage container for the fuel. Steel tanks or drums should be used if large amounts are produced.

For larger quantities of biodiesel, a different set of equipment is used. Complete sets of this equipment can be easily purchased over the Internet. Some of these tools are as follows:

· A manual processor, which is a tank that mixes and heats the chemicals.

· Electric, hydronic or flame heat to heat the mixture.

· A mechanical mixer, which can use propellers or pumps to mix the substances.

· A touchless processor, which is a more complex and complicated type of processor than a manual one.

The great thing about the popularity of biodiesel is that almost everything you need to manufacture or use them is available on the web. A person interested in making the fuel can find a lot of resources online, like instruction manuals. There are even personal guides or experts that companies can send to interested people to build their own biodiesel farms. The production of this renewable fuel is becoming a clean and green business that people are finding very profitable.

Source: http://digg.com/autos/Biodiesel_Equipment

Biodiesel algae passes US standards

2008-07-06T14:17:00.001+03:00

Solazyme, the San Francisco based bio tech compan, has produced the first Algal-Based renewable Bio Diesel to pass American Society for Testing and Materials specifications.

Solazyme announced today that SoladieselRDTM , a microalgae-derived renewable diesel, has passed American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D-975 specifications. The company claims that SoladieselRDTM is the first algal-based renewable bio diesel to meet these standards.

In a 100% blend, SoladieselRDTM has been road tested in a factory standard 2005 Jeep Liberty diesel. The fuel’s chemical composition is identical to that of standard petroleum based diesel, and SoladieselRDTM is fully compatible with the existing transportation fuel infrastructure. Having fewer particulate emissions, SoladieselRDTM also has a more desirable environmental footprint than standard petro-diesel. In addition, it meets the new ASTM ultra low sulfur diesel (ULSD) standards.

“This now marks the production of our second fuel that meets current U.S. fuel specifications and is an important validation of our proprietary process using microalgae to produce renewable fuels,” said Jonathan Wolfson, chief executive officer of Solazyme. “Solazyme’s leadership in the green fuels space will continue to grow as we now execute on our strategy for commercial launch.”

The only advanced biofuels company producing at scale, Solazyme implements a unique microbial fermentation process that allows algae to produce oil in massive vessels quickly, efficiently and without sunlight. The process can utilize many forms of non-food feedstocks, including waste glycerol and many cellulosic materials including wood chips, corn stover and switchgrass. The resulting oils can be leveraged across a wide variety of industries and applications, including fuels, edible oils and chemicals and are completely biodegradable, nontoxic and safe.

Source: http://greentech.co.uk/bio-diesel-algae-passes-us-standards-116

Предимства на биодизела

2008-07-05T09:02:00.003+03:00

Източник: http://www.theinternationalcenter.org/the-advantages-of-biodiesel.htm

Не редактиран автоматичен превод от английски на български

Търсите най-тясно биодизел, ние откриваме, че нейните физични и химични свойства са много сходни с нефтопродукти основава дизелово гориво по отношение на функционирането на двигатели с компресионно запалване (дизелови двигатели). Ето защо, биодизел може да се използва в дизелови двигатели, без скъпите модификации на двигателя или на горивата система.

Когато става дума за списък на предимствата на биодизел, има много защитници и казват те включват ниски емисии, по-добър аромат, и по-високи мазилна способност. Според един доклад, сърце, биодизел е по-ниско енергийно съдържание от редовните дизел, но изпълнява както и дизеловото гориво, при смесване с дизеловото гориво в концентрации до 20%.

Възможността за био-дизел е по за дълго време, но това е само сега, както изглежда, scarcer петрола и по-малко сигурен, че хората започват да инвестират във възможностите, които съществуват за него като автомобилни горива. Както транспортния сектор е вероятно да бъде най-бързо разрастващите се, допринасящ за емисии на парникови газове за по-голямата част от този век, както и цените на дизеловото гориво катерене непрекъснато, че предимствата на биодизел са били оценени от правителствата по целия свят. Въпреки това, все още не е източник на биодизел, която е евтина и свръхпредлагане достатъчно, за да отговаря на потенциала на търсенето.

Предимствата на биодизел са много, то е подновен, домашни, чисти и могат да бъдат основани на различни растителни видове храна. Някои от началото на флота, ревюта, също изявиха дългосрочна поддръжка намаления, но гостите мелодия за повече по този въпрос. Предимствата на биодизел са; тя е възобновяеми горива, въглеродния двуокис неутрални, с ниско съдържание на сяра, не са токсични, биоразградими, местно производство в

Обединеното кралство, и когато се използват обикновено намалява емисиите. Така, като цяло биодизел предлага редица ползи за околната среда Ненадминати от всяка друга алтернатива на гориво за транспорта. Повечето изследвания показват, че постепенно началото на изгарянето, което е характерна черта на биодизел, когато се използва, също помага за намаляване на емисиите на NOx.

В количества до 5%, биоетанол гориво може да се смеси с обикновените нефтени горива, без да е необходимо за всяка модификация на двигателя. Биоетанол е запознат, произведени чрез използване на методи, като процес на ферментация, и то може да бъде разпределена, като използва същите бензинови forecourts и транспортните системи, както и преди. Тъй като чист биодизел не дава находища на собствените си, това води до увеличаване на живота на двигателя. Изчислено е, че един биодизел смес от само 1% би могло да увеличи мазилна способност на гориво от колкото е 65% (САЩ източник).

Ако превозното средство използва традиционните дизелови, превозното средство емисии черно, stinky дим. С биодизел, на дим става наистина много чиста. Един добър пример е правителството на САЩ, че прилагат правилата мандатите на използването на алтернативни горива в федерални средства. B20 бе приета за използване в moat националните паркове. Ако биодизел се използва за гориво на всички транспортни средства, удивително е смог заявиха, че ще се превърне само в спомен от миналото.

Можете също така да направите биодизел от лой (животински мазнини), рибено масло, морски водорасли и водорасли. В действителност, тя бе наскоро съобщи, че в извънредно вдигане на посвещение на страници, капитана, Пийт Bethune, подложени liposuction, както и на мазнини (всички 100 мл) е бил използван да направим малък размер на биодизел за Earthrace! Биодизелът също може да бъде направено от внос на суровини, като палмово масло, от цял свят по-нататъшни усилия, за да се осигури по-ниски разходи за доставка. Като цяло, толкова по-разнообразни суровини източник на гориво ще бъде по-resilient на пазара люлки в изходна суровина за ценообразуване и доставки, които биха могли да направят стандартните биодизел от био отглеждане производство модел нежизнеспособни. Докато соево масло е предвидено добра отправна точка за биодизел в Съединените щати, тя е добивът ограничения, които ще пречат на биодизел за растеж в бъдеще. Наскоро един приятел които знае, че моят ентусиазъм е чудесно за биодизел ме помоли дали бях инвестират в него.

Това беше първия път, когато имах мисълта за инвестиране в биодизел запаси, и макар и само с кратко 18 месеца назад Искаше ми се да видя, че доста го черпят. Този път заяви, че е една точка, и от тогава съм била сериозно като се въведоха, че инвестициите в пазара съвсем скоро. Така че, биодизел, е добър заместител на изкопаеми горива толкова дълго, колкото направено разумно до препоръчителния процент. Странични продукти, създадени по време на неговото производство ще се предостави цялата гама от нови материали, които лесно могат да заменят много и не толкова приятелски материали, както и напускането на въглища, както е стока, която може да се използва за други по желание безопасна и полезна производствените процеси, които не замърсяват ни атмосферата. А реалните материални и глобални благоприятна за всички решение, съществува в момента за биодизела потребители. Що се отнася до "данък субсидии" Идете, развитите страни, като например членове на Европейския съюз налагат тежки данъци, като дизел биодизелът е по принцип данъчно-освободени.

Тази форма на субсидията е предоставена на разходите предимства на биодизела доставчици. Така че, всичко във всичко, картината изглежда rosy за биодизел. Ако сте като производството на биогорива, ще намерите някои от нашите проекти от интерес за производство на биогаз. Продължаване на анаеробно разграждане Системи за уеб сайта и да се възползва от нашите за справка. Стив Symes чувства, че околната среда дебат е твърде важно да се оставят на boffins.

Ако мислите, че това посещение също така си блог на адрес възобновяема енергия Новини

EDIBLE AND BIODIESEL OIL PRODUCTION AND AUCTION SALES......

2008-07-05T08:47:00.002+03:00

COMPANY DETAIL?
COMPANY NAME : TOTAL OIL COMPANY
ADDRESS : 245 ADEKUNLE RD,APAPA,LAGOS.
COUNTRY : NIGERIA.
ZIP CODE : 23401
PHONE NUMBER : +2348086148748
TOTAL OIL COMPANY

From plantation and contract farming to export of Jatropha plant seeds, oil and other oil seed and oil (for extraction of fuel) and project management (from concept to completion), we have in depth understanding of all the related activities. We have spent many years in screening out high yielding .Germ plasm of Jatropha curcas and other oil.

We can also involve in research activities with your organization. We have developed a Knowledge network on Oil and Biodiesel. We also list all products available in stock in the year 2008 in below products list since our production has increased and any interested buyer who is interested in any of our products should contact us for their prices.

WE ARE THE PRODUCER
Quantity: Minimum order - 5 MT per shipment
WE OFFER FREE SAMPLES BUT YOU ARE ONLY GOING TO PAY FOR FREIGHT TO YOUR DOORSTEP
Maximum order - 25,000 MT per shipment
Date of First Delivery: By agreement in Contract
Delivery Method: Bulk by vessel, ship to tank ETC
DELIVERY TIME ......2 TO 4 WEEKS
EXPRESS SERVICE BY AIR
SAMPLES DELIVERY TIME ......WITHIN 48 HOURS
Packing: IN CUSTOMER PROFFERED METHOD
Payment:L/C, T/T ( Bank Transfer ), WIRE TRANSFER
Inspection: The quality and Quantity of Goods will be confirmed for each shipment on a certificate issued by the SGS at discharge port at buyers account which shall be binding on both parties in all respects

WE SELL PER METRIC TON(MT)

Vegetable Oil for .....................................USD220 PerMT
Sessame Oil for .......................................USD220 PerMT
Corn Oil for ..........................................USD220 PerMT
Soya bean Oil for .....................................USD250 PerMT
Jatropha Oil for ......................................USD250 PerMT
RBD PalmOil for .......................................USD220 PerMT
Palm Oil for ..........................................USD220 PerMT
Cooking Oil for .......................................USD200 PerMT
Biodiesel for .........................................USD300 PerMT
Castor Oil for ........................................USD240 PerMT
Grape seed Oil for ....................................USD240 PerMT
Jojoba Oil for ........................................USD220 PerMT
Crude Palm Oil for ....................................USD220 PerMT
Palm, RBD Olein for ...................................USD220 PerMT
Sunflower oil for......................................USD230 PerMT
Palm Stearin Organic for ..............................USD220 PerMT
Virgin coconut Oil for ................................USD240 PerMT
Kapop Seed Oil for ....................................USD200 PerMT
Rapeseed Oil for ......................................USD270 PerMT
Safflower Oil for .....................................USD200 PerMT
Snake Oil for..........................................USD20 0 PerMT

Below are some of our product listed.
acai oil
almond oil
amaranth oil
apricot oilargan oil
avocado Oil
babassu oil
basil oil
bergamot oil
biodiesel
black currant seed oil
black seed oil
borage oil
brazil nut oil
buchu oil
camellia oil
camomile oil
canola oil / rapeseed oil
carob pod oil
carrot seed oil
cashew oil
castor oil
cinnamon oil
clove oil
cocoa butter
coconut oil
coriander seed oil
corn oil
cottonseed oil
cranberry seed oil
cumaru - tonka bean oil
cumin seed oil
dill seed oil
eucalyptus oil
evening primrose
fennel seed oil
fenugreek oil
flax seed oil
geranium oil
ginger oil
gound nut oil
grape seed oil
grapefruit oil
hazelnut oil
hemp oil
jatropha oil
jojoba oil
juniper berry oil
kapok seed oil
lavender oil
lemon grass oil
lemon oil
linoleic acid
linseed oil
lysine
macadamian nut oil
melissa oil
mint oil
moringa oil
mugwort Oil
mustard oil
myrrh oil
neem oil
nutmeg oil
olive oil
olive oil – virgin
olive oil - extra virgin
olive oil – lampante
olive oil – pomace
olive oil – refined
orange oil
oregano oil
palm kernel oil
palm oil
palm oil – crude
palm oil – organic
palm stearin
palm stearin – organic
palm, RBD olein
palmarosa oil
patchouli oil
pecan oil
penny royal oil
peppermint oil
perilla seed oil
pine seed oil
pistachio
pomegranate Seed Oil
poppy seed oil
prune kernal oil
pumpkin seed
red pepper oil
rice bran oil
rose hip oil
rose oil
rosemary oil
rosewood
safflower oil
sage oil
sandalwood oil
savory oil
sesame oil
shea butter
soya bean oil
star anise oil
sunflower oil
tarragon oil
tea seed oil
tea tree oil
thyme oil
truffle oil
tung oil
vegetable oil
vegetable oil – used
walnut oil
wheat germ oil

For more inquiries mail : totaloilcompany01@gmail.com
totaloilcompany123@yahoo.com
totaloilcomp@live.com
Contact : +2348086148748

EDIBLE AND BIODIESEL OIL PRODUCTION AND AUCTION SALES......

First Patent for Biodiesel ?!

2008-07-04T05:37:00.001+03:00

Biodiesel refers to a diesel-equivalent processed fuel consisting of short chain alkyl (methyl or ethyl) esters, made by transesterification of vegetable oils or animal fats, which can be used (alone, or blended with conventional diesel fuel) in unmodified diesel-engine vehicles.

Biodiesel is distinguished from the straight vegetable oils (SVO) or waste vegetable oils (WVO) used (alone, or blended) as fuels in some diesel vehicles.

On August 31, 1937, G. Chavanne of the University of Brussels (Belgium) was granted a patent for a 'Procedure for the transformation of vegetable oils for their uses as fuels' (fr. 'Procédé de Transformation d’Huiles Végétales en Vue de Leur Utilisation comme Carburants') Belgian Patent 422,877. This patent described the alcoholysis (often referred to as transesterification) of vegetable oils using ethanol (and mentions methanol) in order to separate the fatty acids from the glycerol by replacing the glycerol with short linear alcohols.

This appears to be the first account of the production of what is known as 'biodiesel' today.

Source: http://biodiesel-forum.blogspot.com/2008/07/re-biodieselhouston-does-this-sound_03.html

ASTM Approves New Biodiesel Blend Specifications, Including B20

2008-07-02T06:22:00.005+03:00

The new B6-B20 biodiesel (fatty acid methyl ester) blends will have a blue label at the pump to distinguish the fuel from others. B100 will have its own blue label. Click to enlarge.
The ASTM International D02 Main Committee approved a trio of ASTM specifications for biodiesel blends after more than five years of research and subsequent balloting by the ASTM fuel experts.
The committee approved changes to the existing B100 biodiesel blend stock specification (ASTM D6751); finished specifications to include up to 5% biodiesel (B5) in the conventional petrodiesel specification (ASTM D975); and approved a new specification for blends of between 6% (B6) to 20% (B20) biodiesel for on- and off-road diesel engines.
The ballot for B100 added a significant new test procedure and measurement requirement for a cold soak filtration test (CSFT) that had to be approved for any of the other biodiesel ballots to pass. The test was added as a means to ensure that cloud point is still an accurate indicator for B20 and lower blends, according to Jennifer Weaver, a spokesperson for the National Biodiesel Board.
The blend specification to be published by ASTM is basically a melding of the D6751 spec and the D975 spec with the addition of another couple of key parameters and tests to ensure fuel quality, even after transportation and over time, Weaver said. Revised and new specifications are generally published around 30 days after approval.

Blends containing biomass-based synthetic diesel (e.g., NExBTL) are to be treated as separate from biodiesel, and will have an orange label, consistent with other alternative fuels. Click to enlarge.
Automakers and engine manufacturers have been requesting a finished blend specification for B20 biodiesel blends for several years, with some citing the need for that spec as the single greatest hurdle preventing their full-scale acceptance of B20 use in their diesel vehicles. Biodiesel blends up to B20 meeting ASTM specifications will be able to be used in any diesel engine without modifications.
Automaker Chrysler LLC was instrumental in working with the ASTM task force toward B20 specification development and approval, having supported fleet use of B20 in its Dodge Ram diesel pickups since January 2006.
The approval of ASTM specifications for inclusion of up to 5% biodiesel (B5) in the regular diesel fuel oil also means that biodiesel could soon become more readily available at retail fueling stations nationwide.
The ASTM International Main Committee also approved a fourth set of specifications for inclusion of B5 biodiesel in heating oil (D396). Marketed as Bioheat, biodiesel is gaining popularity as a home heating oil, particularly in the Northeast United States.
The new biodiesel specifications do not address requirements for biomass-based renewable diesel such as Fischer-Tropsch diesel or hydrotreated oils and fats. If additional specifications for these outside of the primary diesel spec are required, they will be handled separately. Similarly, the FTC has decided to use different pump labels to distinguish between biodiesel (neat and B6-B20 blends) and biomass-based renewable diesel (neat and blends).
The Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007 directed the US EPA to set the legal specifications for biodiesel blends in the US if ASTM does not pass biodiesel blend specifications. Had ASTM been unable to secure final approval of biodiesel blend specifications by December 2008, EPA would have set its own legal specifications for biodiesel blends soon after December 2008 due to biodiesel’s role in meeting the requirements of EISA.

Resources:
Federal Trade Commission Final rule on labeling for biodiesel and biomass-based diesel

http://www.greencarcongress.com/2008/06/astm-approves-n.html

Research yields pricey chemicals from biodiesel waste

2008-07-02T06:13:00.001+03:00

Rice engineers ID 'green' methods to make valuable organic acids

HOUSTON -- June 30, 2008 -- In a move that promises to change the economics of biodiesel refining, chemical engineers at Rice University have unveiled a set of techniques for cleanly converting problematic biofuels waste into chemicals that fetch a profit.

The latest research is available online in the journal Metabolic Engineering. The new paper and others published earlier this year describe a new fermentation process that allows E. coli and other enteric bacteria to convert glycerin -- the major waste byproduct of biodiesel production -- into formate, succinate and other valuable organic acids.

"Biodiesel producers used to sell their leftover glycerin, but the rapid increase in biodiesel production has left them paying to get rid of it," said lead researcher Ramon Gonzalez, Rice's William W. Akers Assistant Professor in Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering. "The new metabolic pathways we have uncovered paved the way for the development of new technologies for converting this waste product into high-value chemicals."

About one pound of glycerin, also known as glycerol, is created for every 10 pounds of biodiesel produced. According to the National Biodiesel Board, U.S. companies produced about 450 million gallons of biodiesel in 2007, and about 60 new plants with a production capacity of 1.2 billion gallons are slated to open by 2010.

Gonzalez's team last year announced a new method of glycerol fermentation that used E. coli to produce ethanol, another biofuel. Even though the process was very efficient, with operational costs estimated to be about 40 percent less that those of producing ethanol from corn, Gonzalez said new fermentation technologies that produce high-value chemicals like succinate and formate hold even more promise for biodiesel refiners because those chemicals are more profitable than ethanol.

"With fundamental research, we have identified the pathways and mechanisms that mediate glycerol fermentation in E. coli," Gonzalez said. "This knowledge base is enabling our efforts to develop new technologies for converting glycerol into high-value chemicals."

Gonzalez said scientists previously believed that the only organisms that could ferment glycerol were those capable of producing a chemical called 1,3-propanediol, also known as 1,3-PDO. Unfortunately, neither the bacterium E. coli nor the yeast Saccharomyces -- the two workhorse organisms of biotechnology -- were able to produce 1,3-PDO.

Gonzalez's research revealed a previously unknown metabolic pathway for glycerol fermentation, a pathway that uses 1,2-PDO, a chemical similar to 1,3-PDO, that E. coli can produce.

"The reason this probably hadn't been discovered before is that E. coli requires a particular set of fermentation conditions for this pathway to be activated," Gonzalez said. "It wasn't easy to zero in on these conditions, so it wasn't the sort of process that someone would stumble upon by accident."

Once the new metabolic pathways were identified, Gonzalez's team began using metabolic engineering to design new versions of E. coli that could produce a range of high-value products. For example, while run-of-the-mill E. coli ferments glycerol to produce very little succinate, Gonzalez's team has created a new version of the bacterium that produces up to 100 times more. Succinate is a high-demand chemical feedstock that's used to make everything from noncorrosive airport deicers and nontoxic solvents to plastics, drugs and food additives. Most succinate today comes from nonrenewable fossil fuels.

Gonzalez said he's had similar success with organisms designed to produce other high-value chemicals, including formate and lactate.

"Our goal goes beyond using this for a single process," he said. "We want to use the technology as a platform for the 'green' production of a whole range of high-value products."

Technologies based on Gonzalez's work have been licensed to Glycos Biotechnologies Inc., a Houston-based startup company that plans to open its first demonstration facility within the next 12 months.

###

The research was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the National Science Foundation, Rice University and Glycos Biotechnologies.

Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2008-06/ru-ryp063008.php

Biodiesel production from Soy Flakes

2008-06-21T09:40:00.002+03:00

Biodiesel Production

2008-06-21T09:23:00.007+03:00

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Biodiesel Titrations

2008-06-13T07:08:00.002+03:00

Mixing Biodiesel (Part 2) | Bio Diesel Fuel Production

2008-06-13T07:08:00.001+03:00

Mixing Biodiesel (Part 1) | Bio Diesel Fuel Production

2008-06-13T07:07:00.001+03:00

Biodiesel Recipe | How To Make Bio Diesel Production Tips

2008-06-13T07:06:00.000+03:00

Bio Diesel Performance | How Does Biodiesel Affect Vehciles?

2008-06-13T07:05:00.000+03:00

Is Making Biodiesel at Home Safe?

2008-06-13T07:04:00.000+03:00

Home Biodiesel Equipment (Part 4)

2008-06-13T07:01:00.002+03:00

Home Biodiesel Maker (Part 3)

2008-06-13T07:01:00.001+03:00

Home Biodiesel Production (Part 2)

2008-06-13T07:00:00.001+03:00

Making Biodiesel at Home (Part 1)

2008-06-13T06:58:00.002+03:00

Algae Biodiesel Meets Fuel Standard

2008-06-13T06:27:00.001+03:00

Source: http://www.maple3.com/2008/06/12/green-power-algae-biodiesel-meets-fuel-standard/

Solazyme, a South San Francisco, California based company has announced that the algae biodiesel that they have developed has passed the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D-975 specifications.

What this means is that this new fuel is fully compatible with the existing transportation fuel infrastructure and furthermore, it is more environmentally friendly - carbon emission wise - as compared to standard petro-diesel.

Solazyme implements a unique microbial fermentation process that allows algae to produce oil in massive vessels quickly, efficiently and without sunlight. The process can utilize many forms of non-food feedstocks, including waste glycerol and many cellulosic materials including wood chips, corn stover and switchgrass. The resulting oils can be leveraged across a wide variety of industries and applications, including fuels, edible oils and chemicals and are completely biodegradable, nontoxic and safe.

Although biodiesel technology is still experimental, it possesses great potential. And with what Solazyme has developed, hopefully, we can see truly “Green” cars on the road one day.

The Basics of Biodiesel Production

2008-06-05T06:02:00.009+03:00

Bill Carney, Ph.D.
Source: http://static.cbslocal.com/station/ktvt/docs/2008/June/Makebiodiesel.pdf

INTRODUCTION
Welcome to the world of making Biodiesel. Where you can make your own fuel to run in diesel engines for a fraction of what regular petroleum diesel costs. In fact, most people making biodiesel themselves are making it for about $1.00 a gallon! So if you're ready to save a lot of money on fuel bills, then read on.
PRODUCTION OVERVIEW
Biodiesel is most commonly made by chemically altering animal fats and/or vegetable oil through the use of a catalyst and an alcohol. The chemical reaction that occurs through this process breaks down the oil molecules and replaces the glycerin portion of the molecule with an alcohol molecule. The glycerin falls to the bottom of the reactor and is drained off.
What remains is Biodiesel. For every gallon of oil processed you get a gallon of Biodiesel in return.
The Biodiesel is then typically washed, to remove any extra impurities and is then ready to be used as a fuel in a diesel engine without making any modifications to the engine.
Biodiesel is known chemically as a 'fatty acid methyl ester'. Which is just a fancy way of saying it's a product made from Methanol and organic oil (animal fats and/or vegetable oil) with fatty acid chains in it. It is easily made and has many benefits, including environmentally friendlier tailpipe emissions and improved engine performance.
Below is a guide to some of the things you'll need to know.
HOW IT'S MADE
Biodiesel is actually very simple to make. It is made by chemically altering the molecular structure of any organic oil through the use of a chemical catalyst and an alcohol.
To do this, oil is simply heated to a designated temperature (130F to help with the chemical reaction) and then a mixture of a catalyst (Sodium Hydroxide or Potassium Hydroxide) and an alcohol (Methanol) are added to the oil. The oil, catalyst, and alcohol mixture are then mixed for a period of time (around 2-3 hours) and then allowed to settle (usually 24 hours). If successful, the chemical reaction between the oil, alcohol, and the catalyst will have broken down the oil into several layers. The top layer will be biodiesel, chemically called an Ester, the next layer may contain soap, and the bottom layer will be glycerin.
Once the layering has occurred, the glycerin and soap are drained off. The biodiesel is then washed with a mist-wash, a bubble-wash, or both. The washing is done to remove any additional soap, alcohol, or other impurities in the biodiesel.
After it's been washed, it is then dried to remove any water. Commonly it is then filtered through fuel filters and made ready to use. See graph below.
HOW LONG DOES IT TAKE
Biodiesel typically take a couple of days to a week from start to finish. Most people making biodiesel make anywhere between 20 to 100 gallons at a time in a batch process.
Here's a breakdown of typical timing intervals from start to finish:
START
Collecting Oil - 1-2 hours
Filtering Oil - 1-2 hours (depends on amount of oil)
Titration Of Oil - 10-15 minutes
Transferring Oil To Processor - 10-20 minutes
Heating Oil - 1-4 hours (depends on amount of oil, voltage & wattage of element)
Making Meth oxide - 5-20 minutes (depends on amount of methanol and catalyst used)
Mixing Meth oxide Into Oil - 20-30 minutes
Mixing Oil & Meth oxide - 2-3 hours
Settling Oil - 8-10 hours (usually overnight)
Draining Glycerin - 5-10 minutes
Transferring Biodiesel To Wash Tank - 10-20 minutes
First Mist Wash - 2-3 hours
Second Mist Wash - 2-3 hours
First Bubble Wash - 6-8 hours (usually overnight)
Second Bubble Wash - 6-8 hours (usually overnight)
Transferring Biodiesel To Drying Containers - 10-20 minutes (depends on amount)
Drying Biodiesel - 2 hours to 1 week (depends heavily on weather and amount made)
Transferring To Storage Containers - 10-20 minutes (depends on amount)
FINISH
EQUIPMENT
Biodiesel can be made in anything from a small 2 liter pop bottle to an elaborate processor complete with separate tanks for processing, washing, meth oxide mixing, settling, and filtering.
Obtaining equipment is relatively easy. Complete processing equipment can be custom made using plans off of the web or by buying pre-made kits ready to assemble.
Most people get started by making small batches with minimal equipment and then gradually move up to making large batches using large processors built specifically for making biodiesel.
Many home brewers either buy a variety of premade processors designed for processing biodiesel or custom make their own processors either from kits or from plans found on the web.
Professionally built processors can cost as little as $500 to several thousands of dollars. Kits can be purchased for making your own from several online retailers for as little as $200 on up to elaborate systems complete with methanol recovery condensers.
Most commonly, home brewers build their own processors using plans from the web. Building a processor can be done in an afternoon. In fact, most folks have their processors built and ready to process biodiesel within a few hours of starting.
Parts are relatively cheap to obtain and help is readily available on the web or through forums and workshops.
Processors 40 to 500 gallons
Additionally, most home brewers can obtain equipment, such as pumps (either manual or electric) for transferring oil, methanol, and glycerin as well as containers for storing oil and biodiesel, locally or from the web.
USING BIODIESEL
Biodiesel can easily be used in any diesel engine. Once processed, washed, and dried, biodiesel can be simply poured into any diesel fuel tank. Biodiesel can also be mixed with petro diesel in any ratio. It easily mixes with petro diesel and is commonly sold commercially blended with petro diesel. B20 fuel is commonly sold and consists of 20% biodiesel and 80% petro diesel. There are many biodiesel users that will use B100 which indicates that the fuel is 100% biodiesel.
Within minutes of biodiesel being added to the fuel tank, and especially when used in high blend ratios (50% to 100%) a noticeable difference in engine noise begins. Most report a reduction in engine noise, a smoothing of the engine, and a noticeable change in the smell of the exhaust. The longer the biodiesel is run in the engine, the better things become.
Research has been done comparing biodiesel to petro diesel across a wide range of measurements. One of the most significant differences is the drastic reduction in tailpipe emissions biodiesel produces over petro diesel. Reductions in hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide, and particulate matter have been significant. For many using biodiesel, these emission reductions are reason enough to use this incredible alternative fuel.
Besides better emissions, research has indicated an increase in engine longevity, a decrease in engine maintenance, and a better performing engine. Because biodiesel has solvent properties by nature, it acts as a cleaning agent on the fuel system in diesel engines. This means that it cleans things up the more it's used.
Because of these solvent properties, some have noted that fuel lines in older diesel engines may degrade because the biodiesel breaks them down. Particularly susceptible are fuel lines made from natural rubber. Most of the susceptible fuel lines can easily be replaced with inexpensive fuel lines that are biodiesel compatible. If in doubt, check with your local dealer. The lines usually degrade over time and develop small seeping leaks instead of large leaks.
Diesel engines made after 1993 and sold in the United States typically won't have this problem as the fuel lines are already biodiesel compatible. This is because of a reduction in sulfur in diesel fuel in 1993 in the United States that necessitated manufacturer's needing to change the fuel lines with non-rubber lines.
Home brewers use biodiesel in varying blends but most commonly it's used in blends from 20%(B20) to 100%(B100) with 100% being the preferred method when weather allows. When the weather drops below 50° F, it's recommen ded to blend biodiesel with petro diesel or add anti-gel additives to prevent biodiesel from gelling.
Another thing most people do when getting started is to change their fuel filters before using biodiesel and then change them again a few thousand miles later. This is to prevent the filters from plugging up due to biodiesel's solvent properties.
As it's used, it may knock some of the "gunk" off of the walls of the fuel tank and fuel lines that has built up from the use of petro diesel. Replacing the fuel filters is just a precaution to ensure the engines keep on running.
TAXES & REGULATIONS
Biodiesel, if used as an on-road fuel in a vehicle, may be subject to road taxes. The taxation laws are changing all the time so check with your local tax consultant to identify which taxes biodiesel may be subject to. Currently (April 2005), the first 400 gallons of homemade biodiesel is exempt from Federal excise taxes. Anything over 400 gallons is subject to the normal tax rate. You will need to check your State Tax Code for exemptions on State Excise Taxes.
It's also important to check with your local Fire Marshall on fire codes for the manufacture and storage of biodiesel as well as the chemicals and alcohol used to make it. These laws and regulations are there in most cases to protect you and your neighbors. Most city officials will never have heard of biodiesel, so it may be your job to properly educate them on what it is and what you'll be using it for. Go prepared with as much information as you can and you'll improve your chances of receiving permission to make it.
PRECAUTIONS
1- When making Biodiesel, it's important to be safe. Because you are dealing with toxic chemicals, the potential to seriously hurt, injure, and even kill yourself and others.
2- You'll be dealing with some fairly caustic chemicals, an alcohol called Methanol, fair amounts of heat, and the transferring of flammable fluids from one container to container so it's a good idea to have a fire extinguisher around that is capable of putting out an oil based fire.
3- Biodiesel should always be made in a well-ventilated area away from children and pets with the proper safety equipment utilized.
4- Before making large batches of Biodiesel, check with your local municipality and Fire Marshall to ensure that any chemicals, alcohol, or other substances you will use are being stored and used within the proper laws and ordinances for your area. Some areas refer back to state and federal fire codes. It's always a good idea to check before you get started.
5- Using homemade Biodiesel in a diesel engine vehicle may void your manufacturer's warranty. Although the steps outlined to make it are fairly bullet proof and have been tested in several thousands of vehicles all over the world, there's no guarantee your engine manufacturer will honor your warranty.
6- Biodiesel is considered a fuel so if you plan to use it in a vehicle for on-road use, it may be subject to taxes. Check with your state and federal taxing agencies if in question.
7- Biodiesel itself, when properly made, is actually quite safe. It's less toxic than table salt and degrades faster than sugar.
It has a higher flash point (point at which it ignites) than regular petro diesel and if spilled isn't considered toxic.
BE SAFE WHEN MAKING BIODIESEL.
THE BIODIESEL COMMUNITY
Luckily, the internet has made getting help incredibly quick and easy. As always, not everything you read may be true, but for the most part those publishing web pages and sharing information via the web are willing to go the extra mile to help you out. There are several others out there that have been making it for several years and are more than happy to share with you what they have learned and help solve any problems you may run into.
Below are a few recommended places on the web where you can find helpful information about biodiesel:
http://www.biodieselcommunity.org/ This site offers great information on helping you get started making biodiesel.
http://www.localb100.com/book.html The definitive guide to use for home brewing Biodiesel.
http://forums.biodieselnow.com/ A premier Biodiesel forum for home brewers and commercial producers.
http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/biodieselbasics A Yahoo group designed especially for beginners.
How Biodiesel Is Made
Bill Carney, Ph.D.
Source: http://static.cbslocal.com/station/ktvt/docs/2008/June/Makebiodiesel.pdf

БИОДИЗЕЛ ОТ ВОДОРАСЛИ

2008-04-28T00:34:00.001+03:00

Водораслите поглъщат голямо количество въглероден диоксид и други вредни газове, като произвеждат мазнина, от която може да се извлече биодизел за леки и тежкотоварни автомобили, за влакове и самолети. Едно от сериозните предимства на водораслите е, че те са съвсем различни от останалите източници на гориво. За разлика от царевичните насаждения, използвани за производството на етанол, фермите с водорасли не изискват толкова прясна вода, нито заемат площ, на която иначе може да се отглеждат хранителни култури, а и растат 40 пъти по-бързо от другите растения.

Те могат да доставят от 10 до 100 пъти повече енергия от декар, в сравнение със сегашните енергийни култури. Chevron, Honeywell и Boeing създават ферми за отглеждане на водорасли.

Водораслите са реална надежда за решаване на екологичния проблем и енергийната криза с горивата, за намаляване на вредните емисии и нов тласък в бранша. За година Европа произвежда 5 млрд литра растителни горива от рапица, соя и др. растения, но очите на специалистите са във водораслите, като най-богат ресурс. Предвижданията в САЩ са, че след 5-6 години само рафинерията на една компания ще произвежда към 400 млн литра биодизел от водорасли, а цената на литър ще падне до 0,45 долара, тъй като днес струва 5 долара.

В момента отглеждането и събирането на водораслите е трудоемко и скъпо. Редица източници обаче съобщават за вече създадени специални щамове и стартиране на производството на екогориво. Фирми в САЩ и Европа се обръщат към енергийните компании и местните власти, за да подкрепят по-сериозните експерименти и замяната на източника с водорасли. Германската компания Еон обяви ,че ще изгради първата си ферма за водорасли в Хамбург за 3,2 млн долара с помощта на местните власти. Португалски производител на биодизел вече е инвестирал 5 млн долара във ферма за водорасли, разположена до електроцентралата, която ще влезе в експлоатация още в 2008 г.

Водораслите, не само че могат да се отглеждат на различни места, но и през по-голямата част от съществуването си поглъщат СО2. Американските ВВС, частните авиокомпании, Федералната агенция по авниация и НАСА подкрепят идеята за производство на биогорива от водорасли.